In pools containing both infected snails and predators, tadpole survival was further reduced to a mean of 5%, a clear risk-enhancement or synergism. These dramatic results suggest that predators may alter transmission dynamics of trematodes in natural systems, and that a complete understanding of host-parasite

interactions requires studying Selisistat order these interactions within the ecological framework of community interactions.”
“Background: Previous studies have documented increased posteromedial contact forces with the elbow at lower flexion angles associated with valgus extension overload; however, the authors believe that posteromedial elbow impingement in association with valgus laxity is a complex pathological process that may occur throughout the entire throwing motion in the form of ulnohumeral chondral and ligamentous overload.\n\nHypothesis: Valgus laxity with the elbow at 90 degrees of flexion may lead to chondromalacia secondary to a subtle shift in the contact point between the tip of the olecranon and

the distal humeral LB-100 trochlea.\n\nStudy Design: Controlled laboratory study.\n\nMethods: Six fresh human cadaveric elbows were dissected and subjected to a static valgus load. Pressure-sensitive Fuji film measured the contact pressure, contact area, and shift in contact area across the posteromedial elbow before and after sectioning the anterior bundle of the ulnar collateral ligament.\n\nResults: The contact pressure between the tip of the olecranon process and the medial crista of the posterior humeral trochlea significantly increased, from an average of 0.27 +/- 0.06 kg/cm(2) to 0.40 +/- 0.08 kg/cm(2). The contact area also significantly decreased, from an average of 30.34 +/- 9.17 mm(2) to 24.59 +/- 6.44 mm(2), and shifted medially on the medial humeral crista, which corresponds to the position of the posteromedial chondral lesions that was observed in throwing athletes in the authors’ clinical practice.\n\nConclusion: While simulating

the early acceleration phase of the throwing motion with the elbow in 90 degrees of flexion, the results illustrate that abnormal contact U0126 ic50 may occur as a result of valgus laxity through increased contact pressures across the posteromedial elbow between the medial tip of the olecranon and medial crista of the humeral trochlea. In addition, congruency of the ulnohumeral joint changed, as there was a statistically significant medial shift of the olecranon on the posterior humeral trochlea with the elbow at 90 degrees of flexion after sectioning the anterior bundle of the ulnar collateral ligament.”
“A self-consistent projection operator method for single-particle excitations is developed.

In addition, the patients showed a clinically significant amelioration in their cognitive functioning. The side effects of PGB were mild and transient, persisting only during the first 2 weeks of treatment. Although our findings are preliminary, they suggest that PGB might be one of the most promising of the newer agents in the treatment of BDZ dependence.”
“Objective. To assess prevention of

bone mineral density (BMD) loss and durability of SB273005 ic50 the response during treatment with prasterone in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) receiving chronic glucocorticoids.\n\nMethods. 155 patients with SLE received 200 mg/day prasterone or placebo for 6 months in a double-blind phase. Subsequently, 114 patients were re-randomized to receive 200 or 100 mg/day prasterone for 12 months in an open-label phase. Primary efficacy endpoints were changes in BMD at the lumbar spine (L-spine) from baseline to Month 6 and maintenance of BMD from Month 6 to 18 for patients who received prasterone during Entinostat clinical trial the double-blind phase.\n\nResults. In the double-blind phase, there was a trend

for a small gain in BMD at the L-spine for patients who received 200 mg/day prasterone for 6 months versus a loss in the placebo group (mean +/- SD, 0.003 +/- 0.035 vs -0.005 +/- 0.053 g/cm(2), respectively; p = 0.293 between groups). In the open-label phase, there was dose-dependent increase in BMD at the L-spine at Month 18 between patients who received 200 versus 100 mg/day prasterone (p = 0.021). For patients who received 200 mg/day prasterone Selleckchem ARS-1620 for 18 months, the L-spine BMD gain was 1.083 +/- 0.512% (p = 0.042). There was no overall change in BMD at the total hip over 18 months with 200 mg/day prasterone treatment. The safety profile reflected the weak androgenic properties of prasterone.\n\nConclusion. This Study Suggests prasterone 200 mg/day may offer mild protection against bone loss in women with SLE receiving glucocorticoids. (Clinical Trials.gov Identifiers NCT00053560 and NCT00082511).”
“The aim of

this study is to determine the effect of certain prebiotics on the synthesis of bacteriocins. The Lactobacillus paracasei CMGB16 strain producing bacteriocins was used. Escherichia coli was used as the sensitive strain. In the nutritive environment (MRS); the carbon source (glucose) was supplemented with inulin from chicory and Dahlia, raffinose and lactulose. The cells were eliminated using centrifuge at 5,000 rpm for 10 min. The pH of the resulted supernatant was adjusted to the value of 5.5 with NaOH 0.2N and the inhibitory activity was determined by agar well diffusion method. The resistance to various inhibitory substances (pepsin, trypsin, pronase E, subtilisin, catalase) was also determined in concentration of 0.5 mg/ml. These tests were also performed with the fluid concentrated up to 1:3, at 48 degrees C, 200 rpm and 100 mbar. The strains were cropped in these environments for 96 h. Thus, the witnessed strain is sensitive to the bacteriocin produced by the L.

Previous clinical studies have been small or have not included relevant prehospital data. We aimed to determine in a larger cohort of patients whether hyperoxia in the intensive care unit in patients admitted after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) was associated with increased mortality rate after correction for Selleckchem Caspase inhibitor prehospital variables.\n\nMethods:

Data from the Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry (VACAR) of patients transported to hospital after resuscitation from OHCA and an initial cardiac rhythm of ventricular fibrillation between January 2007 and December 2011 were linked to the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Adult Patient Database (ANZICS-APD). Patients were allocated into three groups (hypoxia [Pao(2) < 60 mmHg], normoxia [Pao(2), 60-299 mmHg] or hyperoxia [Pao(2) >= 300 mmHg]) according to their most abnormal Pao(2) level in the first 24 hours of ICU stay. The relationship between Pao2 and hospital mortality was investigated using multivariate logistic regression analysis to adjust for confounding prehospital and ICU factors.\n\nResults: There were 957 patients identified on the VACAR database who met inclusion criteria. Of these, 584 (61%) KPT-8602 concentration were matched to the ANZICS-APD and had hospital mortality and oxygen data available. The unadjusted hospital mortality was

51% in the hypoxia patients, 41% in the normoxia patients and 47% in the hyperoxia patients (P=0.28). After adjustment for cardiopulmonary resuscitation by a bystander, patient age and cardiac arrest duration, hyperoxia in the ICU was not associated with increased hospital mortality (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 3-deazaneplanocin A inhibitor 0.51-2.82; P=0.83).\n\nConclusions: Hyperoxia within the first 24 hours was not associated with increased hospital mortality in patients admitted to ICU following out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest.”
“alpha-Silicon

polyoxomolybdates in combination with an iodonium salt and/or a silane are used to generate phenyl and/or silyl radicals as well as silylium cations upon UV light irradiation. These species can initiate the radical photopolymerization of acrylates, the cationic photopolymerization of epoxides and the photopolymerization of epoxy/acrylate blends (i.e. for the synthesis of interpenetrated polymer networks) thereby leading to the formation of polyoxometalate/polymer hybrid materials. The mechanical properties of e.g. the polyether films are affected by the presence of polyoxometalate in the matrix as shown by their dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The photochemical mechanisms are studied by steady state photolysis, cyclic voltammetry, and electron spin resonance techniques.”
“Assessment of fetal growth is a central requirement for good perinatal care.

17 mu A/cm(2)), implicating an important role of ion transporters in wound induced electric potentials. Time-lapse video microscopy showed that applied electric fields (EFs) induced robust directional migration of primary tracheobronchial Elacridar ic50 epithelial cells from rhesus monkeys, towards the cathode, with a threshold of <23 mV/mm. Reversal of the field polarity induced cell migration towards the new cathode. We further demonstrate that application of an EF promoted wound healing in a monolayer wound healing

assay. Our results suggest that endogenous electric currents at sites of tracheal epithelial injury may direct cell migration, which could benefit restitution of damaged airway mucosa. Manipulation of ion transport may lead to novel therapeutic approaches to repair damaged respiratory epithelium.”
“Objective:

To review the distribution, current trends, and resistance patterns of bacterial keratitis isolates in Toronto over the last 11 years.\n\nDesign: Retrospective, observational, case series.\n\nParticipants: Microbiology records of suspected bacterial keratitis cases that underwent FK506 molecular weight a diagnostic corneal scraping and cultures from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2010, were reviewed.\n\nMethods: Culture results and antibiotic sensitivity profiles were reviewed and analyzed.\n\nMain Outcome Measures: Distribution of the main isolated pathogens as well as in vitro laboratory minimum inhibitory concentration testing results to identify resistance patterns.\n\nResults: A total of 1701 consecutive corneal scrapings were taken during the 11 years of the

study. A pathogen was recovered in 977 samples (57.4%), with bacterial keratitis accounting for 897 of the positive cultures (91.8%). The total number of Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates was 684 and 213, respectively. We identified a decreasing trend in check details Gram-positive isolates (P = 0.016). The most common isolate overall was coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) and the most common Gram-negative bacteria isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was present in 1.3% of the S aureus isolates, whereas methicillin-resistant CNS (MRCNS) was present in 43.1% of the CNS isolates. There was a trend toward increasing laboratory resistance to methicillin from 28% during the first 4 years of the study to 38.8% for the last 3 years (P = 0.133). When analyzing the sensitivities of MRSA and MRCNS isolates to other antibiotics, there was resistance to cefazolin and sensitivity to vancomycin in all isolates, whereas resistance to other antibiotics was variable.\n\nConclusions: There was a significant decrease in the percentage of Gram-positive microorganisms over time.

Other radiographic findings were narrowness of the intervertebral disc spaces resulting in precocious degenerative spondylosis and progressive scoliosis. The femoral neck was short and thick and showed a persistent enlargement of the lesser trochanter with a high-riding, bulbous greater trochanter that APR-246 supplier became more prominent with age. Molecular testing of the diastrophic dysplasia sulfate transporter (DTDST) gene was performed on six patients and no mutations were detected. This radiographic and clinical observation further adds to the evidence that there may be subtypes of DBQD. Long-term follow-up showed that severe precocious osteoarthritis of the hand and spine is a

major manifestation of this specific variant. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.”
“Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are transcriptional repressors that control expression of developmental regulator genes in animals and plants. Recent advances in our understanding of the PcG system include biochemical

purifications that revealed a substantial variety in PcG complex composition. These different complexes contain distinct chromatin-modifying activities and engage in cross-talk with other chromatin modifications. Complementing these biochemical analyses, structural studies have begun to provide insight into how PcG proteins interact with each other and with chromatin. Finally, genome-wide binding profiling and the ensuing functional analysis of target gene regulation revealed that the PcG system is not only used for the permanent silencing of developmental PND-1186 regulator genes. Rather, PcG mediated repression also constitutes a mechanism for dynamic control of gene transcription.”
“Components of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway are major players in processes known to generate genetic diversity, such as mutagenesis and DNA recombination. Trypanosoma

cruzi, the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease has a highly heterogeneous population, composed of a pool of strains with distinct characteristics. Studies with a number of molecular markers identified up to six groups in the T. cruzi population, which showed distinct levels see more of genetic variability. To investigate the molecular basis for such differences, we analyzed the T. cruzi MSH2 gene, which encodes a key component of MMR, and showed the existence of distinct isoforms of this protein. Here we compared cell survival rates after exposure to genotoxic agents and levels of oxidative stress-induced DNA in different parasite strains. Analyses of msh2 mutants in both T. cruzi and T. brucei were also used to investigate the role of Tcmsh2 in the response to various DNA damaging agents. The results suggest that the distinct MSH2 isoforms have differences in their activity. More importantly, they also indicate that, in addition to its role in MMR, TcMSH2 acts in the parasite response to oxidative stress through a novel mitochondrial function that may be conserved in T. brucei. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V.

Together, these data provide new insights into the responsiveness of chromatin topography to DNA methylation changes.”
“Aim:\n\nTransforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is involved in renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Recently, the ubiquitin proteasome system was shown to participate in the TGF-beta signalling pathway. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of proteasome inhibitors on TGF-beta-induced transformation of renal fibroblasts and tubular epithelial cells in vitro and on unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in vivo.\n\nMethods:\n\nRat renal fibroblasts NRK-49F cells and tubular epithelial cells, NRK-52E,

were treated with TGF-beta in the presence or absence of a proteasome inhibitor, MG132 or lactacystin. Rats were subjected to UUO and received MG132 i.p. for 7 days.\n\nResults:\n\nIn cultured renal cells, both MG132 and lactacystin inhibited TGF-beta-induced alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) protein expression according to both western Stem Cells & Wnt inhibitor GSK690693 in vitro blotting and immunofluorescent study results. MG132 also suppressed TGF-beta-induced mRNA expression of alpha-SMA and upregulation of Smad-response element reporter activity. However, MG132 did not inhibit TGF-beta-induced

phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad2. In contrast, MG132 increased the protein level of Smad co-repressor SnoN, demonstrating that SnoN is one of the target molecules by which MG132 blocks the TGF-beta signalling pathway. Although the proteasome inhibitor suppressed TGF-beta-induced transformation of cultured fibroblasts and tubular epithelial cells, MG132 treatment did not ameliorate tubulointerstitial fibrosis in the rat UUO model.\n\nConclusion:\n\nProteasome inhibitors attenuate TGF-beta

signalling by blocking Smad signal transduction in vitro, but do not inhibit renal interstitial fibrosis in vivo.”
“Primary cell cultures of the fresh water Hyriopsis cumingii mantle and pearl sac tissues were produced in this study, and Z-VAD-FMK mw the influence of the tissue, cells, and secreted protein on calcium carbonate crystal nucleation and growth was studied. The study contributes to a further understanding of the influence of organic matrices on CaCO3 crystal formation. This research started from the protein level to the tissue/cell level, which is crucial for understanding the inorganic deposition process. The new data also add relevant theoretical approaches to an overall understanding of biomineralization processes. In the experimental groups with mantle or pearl sac tissue, the growth patterns of aragonite were similar: both started from a round disk-shaped amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) and then turned to flowerlike aragonite aggregate. The whole crystal growing process was recorded by transmitted light microscopy. In the control group, without any tissue, there was no ACC found nor crystal phase transformation; it was pure calcite, and the crystal size enlarged as the culture time increased.

The frequency with which YEL-AND and YEL-AVD occur in YF endemic countries is mostly unknown.\n\nMethods: From 2007 to 2010, eight African countries Benin, Cameroon, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo- implemented large-scale YF preventive

vaccination campaigns. Each country established vaccine pharmacovigilance systems that included standard case definitions, procedures to collect and transport biological specimens, and National Expert Committees to review data and classify cases. Staff in all countries received training and laboratory capacity expanded.\n\nResults: In total, CT99021 cost just over 38 million people were vaccinated against YF and 3116 AEFIs were reported of which 164 (5%) were classified as serious. Of these, 22 (13%) were classified

as YF vaccine reactions, including 11(50%) hypersensitivity reactions, six (27%) suspected YEL-AND, and five (23%) suspected YEL-AVD. The incidence per 100,000 vaccine doses administered was 8.2 for all reported AEFIs, 0.43 for any serious AEFI, 0.058 for YF vaccine related AEFIs, 0.029 for hypersensitivity reactions, 0.016 for YEL-AND, and 0.013 for YEL-AVD. Our findings Entinostat cost were limited by operational challenges, including difficulties in obtaining recommended biological specimens leading to incomplete laboratory evaluation, unknown case ascertainment, and variable levels of staff training and experience.\n\nConclusions: Despite limitations, active case-finding in the eight different countries did not find an incidence of YF vaccine associated AEFIs that was higher than previous reports. These data reinforce the safety profile of YF vaccine and support the continued use of attenuated YF vaccine during preventive mass vaccination campaigns in YF endemic areas. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objectives: To develop and evaluate a real-time quadriplex PCR for the diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) and non-LGV chlamydial infections using rectal swab specimens.\n\nMethods: The design of the real-time

quadriplex PCR assay incorporates an LGV-specific, a non-LGV-specific target sequence, a Chlamydia trachomatis Torin 2 in vivo plasmid target, and the human RNase P gene as an internal control. The performance of the quadriplex PCR was compared with a previously reported real- time duplex PCR assay on which LGV diagnosis was based on exclusion.\n\nResults: Very good agreement (85 of 89 specimens, 95.5%) was found between the two multiplex PCR assays for the detection of C trachomatis DNA (kappa value 0.93, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.99). Both assays identified 34 LGV, 35 non-LGV C trachomatis and 16 negative specimens. Of two specimens that tested positive for non- LGV by the duplex PCR, one was found to be a mixed infection and the other was positive only for plasmid and RNase P targets by the quadriplex PCR.

Two different B4C powders were used to examine the effect of particle size. The effect of heating rate on monolithic B4C was investigated by applying three different heating rates (75, click here 150 and 225 degrees C/min). Moreover, in order to evaluate the effect of CNT addition, B4C-CNT (0.5-3 mass%) composites were also produced. Fully dense monolithic

B4C ceramics were obtained by using heating rate of 75 degrees C/min. Vickers hardness value increased with increasing CNT content, and B4C-CNT composite with 3 mass% CNTs had the highest hardness value of 32.8 GPa. Addition of CNTs and increase in heating rate had a positive effect on the fracture toughness and the highest fracture toughness value, 5.9 MPa m(1/2), was achieved in composite with 3 mass% CNTs. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.”
“P-selectin

glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) has been shown to play a significant role in septic lung injury. However, the detailed role of PSGL-1 in the pulmonary leukocyte recruitment remains elusive. We have developed a method based on intravital fluorescence microscopy of the lung microcirculation to examine the role of PSGL-1 in the extravasation process of leukocytes in septic lung damage.\n\nMale selleck inhibitor C57BL/6 mice were treated with a control antibody or an anti-PSGL-1 antibody prior to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Leukocyte-endothelium interactions and microvascular hemodynamics were studied in pulmonary arterioles, capillaries and venules 4 h after CLP.\n\nImmunoneutralization of PSGL-1 decreased CLP-induced leukocyte

rolling in pulmonary arterioles and venules significantly. Inhibition of PSGL-1 had no effect on leukocyte adhesion in venules, whereas the number of adherent leukocytes in lung arterioles and the number of trapped leukocytes in capillaries were markedly decreased. Moreover, immunoneutralization of PSGL-1 improved microvascular perfusion in the lung of septic animals.\n\nTaken together, these results document that PSGL-1 mediates leukocyte rolling in arterioles and venules. However, inhibition of PSGL-1 only decreases leukocyte adhesion in arterioles, suggesting that SHP099 price leukocyte rolling is not a prerequisite for pulmonary venular adhesion of leukocytes in sepsis. In addition, our data show that capillary trapping of leukocytes is dependent on PSGL-1 function.”
“In order to study the dissipation rates and final residues of kresoxim-methyl in strawberry and soil, two independent filed trials were performed in Beijing China. The application rates are set at 195 g of active gradient per hectare. A simple analytical method has been developed for the determination of kresoxim-methyl in strawberry and soil. Kresoxim-methyl residues were extracted with acetonitrile from strawberry and soil samples which is determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detection (GC-MSD).

However, most species were

found only as individual plants in the filtration bed margins with the exception of Urtica dioica (Stinging nettle) in the inflow zone and Epilobium hirsutum (Hairy willowherb) in the outflow zone of several systems. It has been found that the number of “weedy” species decreases with increasing length of operation. In systems, where “weedy” species overgrew the originally planted species, treatment efficiency was not affected. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“We examined vegetation structure and woody species diversity in relation to 14 environmental and anthropogenic factors in ten tropical dry forest (TDF) fragments in central Veracruz, Mexico. The basal area of the canopy (30.2 +/- A 2.11 m(2)/ha) and understory (1.96 +/- A 0.12 m(2)/ha) trees was similar, but density (1,014 +/- A 104 and 2,532 +/- A 227 individuals/ha, respectively) differed among PD0332991 sites. We recorded 98 canopy, 77 understory,

and 60 seedling species. Richness was 24-45 species per site, Fisher’s alpha and Shannon’s indices increased with site altitude. Chao Jaccard indices revealed high species turnover, and a consistently higher BMS-777607 price similarity within the sites at the lowest and within the highest elevation sites. Ordination identified altitude, aspect, slope, water proximity, cattle and trails as significant explanatory variables of species patterns, and showed that sites at lower elevations were clearly separated from the other sites. Environmental heterogeneity alone did not control

species diversity distribution, but species were affected by environmental filters at different stages in their life cycle, e.g., water proximity was significant for saplings and seedlings but not for adults. Anthropogenic disturbances act synergistically, e.g., trails played a key role in determining structure and tree diversity patterns. An important finding is that human disturbance diminishes species β-Nicotinamide diversity in this TDF, but sites at lower elevations were more disturbed and less diverse, therefore we need to study how environmental factors would act if there were no anthropogenic disturbance.”
“(Seedling morphology of Rhynchosia species (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) from Roraima, Brazil). This paper aims to describe, illustrate and compare the seedling morphology of the four species of Rhynchosia (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) that occur in Roraima, Brazil. The studied species, R. phaseoloides (SW.) DC., R. melanocarpa Grear, R. minima (L.) DC., and R. schomburgkii Benth., possess crypto-hypogeal-reserve seedlings, eophylls at the first node that are 1-foliolate and opposite, and double and free stipules. The results show that morphological diversity found among seedlings of the studied species can be used to identify them at the specific level.

Little is known about the direct impact of collaborative working on patient outcomes. Further research is required to gain the direct perspectives of health professionals and patients regarding collaborative working in palliative care, and to develop appropriate and cost-effective models for partnership working.”
“One-dimensional nanostructures have several unique advantages over bulk material and thin films, which can be exploited for high-speed photodetection. Furthermore, as bulk CdS has a high photosensitivity and quantum efficiency, there is considerable potential for the use of CdS nanostructures in advanced devices. In this study, single-crystal

CdS nanosheets JQ1 Epigenetics inhibitor were grown by thermal evaporation and fully characterized to determine their potential for application in high-speed photodetectors. A high-quality nanosheet was confirmed to have a smooth surface with no extraneous particles and a strong orientation to the (110) plane of the wurtzite (hexagonal) phase of CdS. The Cd/S ratio was found to be nearly stoichiometric at 1.09. Photoluminescence measurement of a single-crystal CdS nanosheet showed a high emission intensity at a wavelength of 493 nm. The current-voltage characteristics of the CdS nanosheet on Al thin film indicated an Ohmic contact in dark and under illumination by ambient, 365-nm, 405-nm, MK-2206 purchase and 460-nm light. The light

responsivity showed a peak at 460 nm. Under 365-nm, 405-nm, and 460-nm chopped light, at a bias voltage of 1, 3, and 5 V, the photocurrent rise and decay times were investigated. The device showed faster response times for 460-nm light. This fast response was attributed to the high quality of the single crystal,

the absence of defect states, and the high surface/volume ratio. The device showed a high quantum efficiency of 22.3 x 10(3)% when it was illuminated by 365-nm light under a bias of 5 V: this efficiency increased to 363 x 10(3)% and 40.5 x 10(3)% when the device was illuminated by 405-nm and 460-nm light, respectively. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“BACKGROUND: Duodenal switch operation is an effective procedure in patients with pathologic transpyloric duodenogastric bile reflux and selleck products subsequent alkaline reflux gastritis. Despite its effectiveness duodenal switch remains an infrequently performed procedure for a selected subgroup of patients and therefore few physicians are familiar with the postoperative anatomic situs. METHODS: We report on a 37-old-female who received duodenal switch procedure. Shortly afterward she attended an external emergency department because of upper abdominal pain. There the duodenal stump was misdiagnosed as subhepatic abscess and she received interventional drainage which was located within the duodenal stump. RESULTS: Eventually we removed the ill-placed drainage and the patient recovered under conservative therapy.