The results obtained on the basis of the analytical model have been compared and contrasted with the simulated results using ATLAS (TM). The photodetector exhibits high values of quantum efficiency similar

to 80%, responsivity similar to 6.75 this website A/W, specific detectivity similar to 2.25 x 10(11) mHz(1/2)W(-1) at wavelength10.6 mu m, and dark current of the order of 10(-11) A. The estimated noise equivalent power (NEP) is of the order of 1 x 10(-17) W. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3615967]“
“Animals must respond selectively to specific combinations of salient environmental stimuli in order to survive in complex environments. A task with these features, biconditional discrimination, requires responses to select pairs of stimuli that are opposite to responses to those stimuli in another combination. We investigate the characteristics of synaptic plasticity and network connectivity needed to produce stimulus-pair neural responses within randomly connected model networks NP031112 of spiking neurons trained in biconditional discrimination. Using reward-based plasticity

for synapses from the random associative network onto a winner-takes all decision-making network representing perceptual decision-making, we find that reliably correct decision making requires upstream neurons with strong stimulus-pair selectivity. By chance, selective neurons were present in initial networks; appropriate plasticity mechanisms improved task performance by enhancing the initial diversity of responses. We find long-term potentiation of inhibition to be the most beneficial plasticity rule by suppressing weak responses

to produce reliably correct decisions learn more across an extensive range of networks.”
“Background and Aim: Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are associated with decreased plasma homocysteine (Hcy), an important biomarker for cardiovascular disease. The S-adenosylmethionine synthetase type-1 (MAT1A), an essential enzyme in the conversion of methionine to S-adenosylmethionine, plays a key role in homocysteine metabolism. This study investigated the interaction between dietary fatty acids and MAT1A genotypes on plasma Hcy concentrations among Boston Puerto Ricans.

Methods and Results: Plasma Hcy and MAT1A genotypes were determined in 994 subjects of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. Dietary fatty acid intakes were assessed by interviews using a questionnaire adapted from the NCI/Block food frequency form.

Result: In the cross-sectional analysis, genetic variant MAT1A 3U1510 displayed a significant interaction with dietary n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio in determining plasma Hcy (p-value for interaction = 0.025).

“
“The genus Hafnia, a member of the Enterobacteriaceae, is widespread in nature and rarely causes human infection. We

describe a case of an 85-year-old Japanese man hospitalized consequent to suspected cholecystitis, in which Hafnia sp. was recovered from the blood culture concomitantly with Enterococcus faecalis. Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence and phenotyping with ID 32 E revealed that the recovered Hafnia sp. was considered to be Hafnia alvei genomosp. 2 (ATCC 29927), recently reclassified as Hafnia paralvei. The patient recovered uneventfully with antimicrobial therapies.”
“The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of different nutritional screening tools in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary

https://www.selleckchem.com/products/apr-246-prima-1met.html bypass, with regard to adverse clinical outcome.

This prospective cohort study analysed 1193 adult patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass. Patients were screened using five nutritional screening tools: Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ). In-hospital mortality, postoperative complications, length LEE011 chemical structure of stay in intensive care unit and length of hospitalization were analysed. Multivariate backward logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independent predictive value of the studied screening tools.

In accordance with univariate analysis, malnutrition detected by SNAQ, MUST, NRS-2002 and MNA was associated with postoperative complications (odds ratio [OR] 1.8, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.3-2.4; OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4-2.6; OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.9 and OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4-2.6). Malnutrition detected by MUST, NRS-2002, MNA and SGA was associated BVD-523 with intensive care unit stay > 2 days (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1; OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.5-3.7; OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2-2.2 and OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.6-4.6). Prolonged hospitalization (> 20 days) was predicted by SNAQ, MUST and MNA (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1-1.9; OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.2 and OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.2). In accordance with multivariate analysis, only MUST

and MNA independently predicted postoperative complications (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.3 and OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.2). Other independent factors influencing postoperative complications were well-known logistic EuroSCORE (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1-1.1) and the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass in minutes (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1-1.01).

MUST and MNA both have independent predictive values with regard to postoperative complications. Taking into account simplicity, MUST is preferable for the cardiac surgical population.”
“Background: To determine, among employed persons with low risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), if sleep duration is associated with incident stroke symptoms, independent of body mass index (BMI), and if sleep duration mediates racial differences in stroke symptoms.

30, 95%CI = 1.04-1.63) and dominant model (AA/AC vs CC: OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.01-1.55). Based on this meta-analysis, we conclude that the IL-10 rs1800872 polymorphism could be a risk factor for CRC development among European populations. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ulixertinib-bvd-523-vrt752271.html However,

we found no association between the IL-10 rs1800896 polymorphism and CRC risk. Further studies, either with larger sample size or involving other SNPs and haplotypes of the IL-10 gene, are necessary to clarify the contribution of IL-10 genetic variations in colorectal carcinogenesis.”
“Background: To prepare field sites for malaria vaccine trials, it is important to determine baseline antibody and T cell responses to candidate malaria vaccine antigens. Assessing T cell responses is especially challenging, given LY2157299 molecular weight genetic restriction, low responses observed in endemic areas, their variability over time, potential

suppression by parasitaemia and the intrinsic variability of the assays.

Methods: In Part A of this study, antibody titres were measured in adults from urban and rural communities in Ghana to recombinant Plasmodium falciparum CSP, SSP2/TRAP, LSA1, EXP1, MSP1, MSP3 and EBA175 by ELISA, and to sporozoites and infected erythrocytes by IFA. Positive ELISA responses were determined using two methods. T cell responses to defined CD8 or CD4 T cell epitopes from CSP, SSP2/TRAP, LSA1 and EXP1 were measured LY411575 by ex vivo IFN-g ELISpot assays using HLA-matched Class I-and DR-restricted synthetic peptides. In Part B, the reproducibility

of the ELISpot assay to CSP and AMA1 was measured by repeating assays of individual samples using peptide pools and low, medium or high stringency criteria for defining positive responses, and by comparing samples collected two weeks apart.

Results: In Part A, positive antibody responses varied widely from 17%-100%, according to the antigen and statistical method, with blood stage antigens showing more frequent and higher magnitude responses. ELISA titres were higher in rural subjects, while IFA titres and the frequencies and magnitudes of ex vivo ELISpot activities were similar in both communities. DR-restricted peptides showed stronger responses than Class I-restricted peptides. In Part B, the most stringent statistical criteria gave the fewest, and the least stringent the most positive responses, with reproducibility slightly higher using the least stringent method when assays were repeated. Results varied significantly between the two-week time-points for many participants.

Conclusions: All participants were positive for at least one malaria protein by ELISA, with results dependent on the criteria for positivity.

“
“Background: The Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale – cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) is the most widely used cognitive outcome measure in AD trials. Although errors in administration and scoring have been suggested as factors masking accurate estimates and potential effects of treatments, there have been few formal examinations of errors with the ADAS-cog. Methods: We provided ADAS-cog administration training using standard methods to raters who were designated as experienced, potential raters by sponsors

or contract research organizations for two clinical trials. Training included 1 hour sessions on test administration, scoring, question periods, and required that raters individually view and score a model ADAS-cog administration. Raters scores were compared to the criterion scores established for the model administration. Results: A total of 108 errors were made by 80.6% of the 72 raters; 37.5% made 1 error, 25.0% made RO4929097 purchase 2 errors and 18.0% made 3 or more. Errors were made in all ADAS-cog subsections. The most common were in word finding difficulty (67% of the raters), word recognition (22%), and orientation

(22%). For the raters who made 1, 2, or >= 3 errors the ADAS-cog score was 17.5 (95% CI, 17.3 – 17.8), 17.8 (17.0 – 18.5), and 18.8 (17.6 – 20.0), respectively, https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pd-1-pd-l1-inhibitor-2.html and compared to the criterion score, 18.3. ADAS-cog means differed significantly and the variances were more than twice as large between those who made errors on word finding and those who did not, 17.6 (SD=1.4) vs. 18.8 (SD=0.9), respectively (chi(2) = 37.2, P < .001). Conclusions: Dihydrotestosterone chemical structure Most experienced raters made at least one error that may affect ADAS-cog scores and clinical trials outcomes.

These errors may undermine detection of medication effects by contributing both to a biased point estimate and increased variance of the outcome.”
“The Stokes shift detected in PbS nanocrystals is analyzed by optical absorption (OA), photoluminescence (PL) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The samples were synthesized by fusion method over two different glass substrates, and identical size PbS dot structures with radius 4.1 nm grown showed PL and OA peaks separated by 0.15 and 0.10 eV. The origin of these large Stokes shifts are analyzed whether they are attributed to the nonradiative recombination associated to impurity states in prepared doped samples or to radiative transitions between exciton states induced by electron-hole (e-h) exchange Coulomb interaction. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3543972]“
“The methanol seed extract of Carica papaya (CPE) was investigated for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in mice and rats. The brine shrimp lethality test of the extract showed LC(50) of 106.94 ppm at 95% confidence interval. The extract (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (p < 0.

Exploring a wide range of experimental

conditions at the microliter scale minimizes cost and labor. Once the cell culture protocol is optimized, it can be applied to large-scale bioreactors for stem cell production at the clinical level. The controlled stirring inside the wells of a standard 96-well plate is provided by buoyancy-driven thermoconvection. The temperature and velocity fields within the culture volume are determined with numerical simulations. The numerical results AZD9291 ic50 are verified with experimental velocity measurements using microparticle image velocimetry (mu PIV) and are used to define feasible experimental conditions for stem cell cultures. To test the bioreactor array’s functionality, human umbilical cord blood-derived CD34(+) cells were cultured for 7 days at five different stirring conditions (0.24-0.58 mu m/s) in six repeated experiments. Cells were characterized in terms of proliferation, and flow cytometry measurements of viability and CD34 expression. The microliter-bioreactor array demonstrates its ability to support HSC cultures under stirred conditions without adversely affecting the cell behavior. Because of the highly controlled operative conditions, it can be used

to explore culture conditions where the mass transport of endogenous and exogenous growth factors is selectively enhanced, and cell suspension provided. While the bioreactor array was developed for culturing HSCs, its application can be extended to other cell types. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3380627]“
“Liquid

chromatography-photodiode array signaling pathway detector-mass spectrometry-based chemical investigation of the leaves and stems of Premna https://www.sellecn.cn/products/SNS-032.html fulva yielded one new iridoid glycoside (1), one new triterpenoid glycoside (2) along with six known compounds isolated for the first time from the genus. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data analyses and chemical methods.”
“In this study, we demonstrate a new perspective on in vitro assessment method for evaluating quantum dot (QD) toxicity by using microfluidics technology. A new biomimetic approach, based on the flow exposure condition, was applied in order to characterize the cytotoxic potential of QD. In addition, the outcomes obtained from the flow exposure condition were compared to those of the static exposure condition. An in vitro cell array system was established that used an integrated multicompartmented microfluidic device to develop a sensitive flow exposure condition. QDs modified with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide/trioctylphosphine oxide were used for the cytotoxicity assessment. The results suggested noticeable differences in the number of detached and deformed cells and the viability percentages between two different exposure conditions.

Further increased plasticizing and toughening effect was also observed by the blending of the CPF resins with propylene glycol. The higher toughness and flexibility effect of the CPF resins was obtained with a F : P molar ratio equal to 1.25 and with a Cardanol content of 40% (w/w). (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 123: CX-4945 concentration 2131-2139, 2012″
“PtdIns-4,5-bisphosphate

is a lipid messenger of eukaryotic cells that plays a critical role in processes such as cytoskeleton organization, intracellular vesicular trafficking, secretion, cell motility, regulation of ion channels and nuclear signalling pathways. The enzymes responsible for the synthesis of PtdIns(4,5) P(2) are phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases (PIPKs). The moss JNK inhibitor research buy Physcomitrella patens contains two PIPKs, PpPIPK1 and PpPIPK2. To study their physiological role,

both genes were disrupted by targeted homologous recombination and as a result mutant plants with lower PtdIns(4,5) P(2) levels were obtained. A strong phenotype for pipk1, but not for pipk2 single knockout lines, was obtained. The pipk1 knockout lines were impaired in rhizoid and caulonemal cell elongation, whereas pipk1-2 double knockout lines showed dramatic defects in protonemal and gametophore morphology manifested by the absence of rapidly elongating caulonemal cells in the protonemal tissue, leafy gametophores with very short rhizoids, and loss of sporophyte production. pipk1 complemented by overexpression of PpPIPK1 fully restored the wild-type phenotype whereas overexpression of the inactive PpPIPK1E885A did not. Overexpression of PpPIPK2 in the pipk1-2 double knockout did not restore the wild-type phenotype

demonstrating that PpPIPK1 and PpPIPK2 are not functionally redundant. In vivo imaging of the cytoskeleton network revealed that the shortened caulonemal cells in the pipk1 mutants was the result of the absence of the apicobasal gradient of cortical F-actin cables normally observed CX-4945 cost in wildtype caulonemal cells. Our data indicate that both PpPIPKs play a crucial role in the development of the moss P. patens, and particularly in the regulation of tip growth.”
“Degeneration of the intervertebral discs, a process characterized by a cascade of cellular, biochemical, structural and functional changes, is strongly implicated as a cause of low back pain. Current treatment strategies for disc degeneration typically address the symptoms of low back pain without treating the underlying cause or restoring mechanical function. A more in-depth understanding of disc degeneration, as well as opportunities for therapeutic intervention, can be obtained by considering aspects of intervertebral disc development. Development of the, intervertebral disc involves the coalescence of several different cell types through highly orchestrated and complex molecular interactions.

Results show that morphology developed during the process influences the diffusion of water molecules through the polymer matrix. Selleckchem MLN2238 In particular, a direct influence of crystalline degree on the sorption and diffusion parameters was identified. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 117: 2831-2838, 2010″
“Fruits and nuts from the North and Northeast regions of Brazil were collected to determine their phytosterol and tocopherol content. The species studied were Cotia nut (Aptandra spruceana M.), Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.), Mucaja (Couma rigida M.), Red

Acai (Euterpe oleracea M.), Inaja (Maximiliana maripa D.), Jenipapo (Genipa Americana L), Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L) and Uxi (Endopleura uchi C.). Phytosterols were analyzed by GC-FID using beta-cholestanol as an internal standard, while tocopherols were determined by RP-HPLC-DAD. The pulps of Mucaja (26-236 mg 100 g(-1)), Inaja (119-285 mg 100 g(-1)) and Jenipapo (216 mg 100 g(-1)) showed the highest total phytosterol contents. Considering alpha-tocopherol equivalents, the pulps of Buriti (346.72 mu g g(-1)) and Uxi (200.92 mu g g(-1)) contained the highest vitamin E activity. Therefore, the results indicate that these fruits ABT-263 cell line and nuts have great potential to be cultivated and marketed as alternative dietary sources for these bioactive compounds. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background-

Fetal hemoglobin (HbF)

is the major modifier of the clinical course of sickle cell anemia. Its levels are highly heritable, and its interpersonal variability is modulated in part by 3 quantitative trait loci that affect HbF gene expression. Genome-wide association studies have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these quantitative trait loci that are highly associated with HbF but explain only 10% to 12% of the variance of HbF. Combining SNPs into a genetic risk score can help to explain a larger amount of the variability of HbF level, but the challenge Peptide 17 cost of this approach is to select the optimal number of SNPs to be included

in the genetic risk score.

Methods and Results-

We developed a collection of 14 models with genetic risk score composed of different numbers of SNPs and used the ensemble of these models to predict HbF in patients with sickle cell anemia. The models were trained in 841 patients with sickle cell anemia and were tested in 3 independent cohorts. The ensemble of 14 models explained 23.4% of the variability in HbF in the discovery cohort, whereas the correlation between predicted and observed HbF in the 3 independent cohorts ranged between 0.28 and 0.44. The models included SNPs in BCL11A, the HBS1L-MYB intergenic region, and the site of the HBB gene cluster, quantitative trait loci previously associated with HbF.

Conclusions-

An ensemble of 14 genetic risk models can predict HbF levels with accuracy between 0.28 and 0.44, and the approach may also prove useful in other applications.

The measurements were repeated five times during

a growth season to catch potential seasonal variation. Irradiance gradients resulted in large decreasing gradients of LMA, g(i), V-cmax, and J(max). Relative allocation of leaf N to the different photosynthetic processes was only slightly affected by Screening Library local irradiance. Seasonal changes after leaf expansion and before induction of leaf senescence were only minor. Structural equation modelling confirmed that LMA was the main driving force for changes in photosynthetic traits, with only a minor contribution of leaf Nitrogen content. In conclusion, mesophyll conductance to CO2 displays a large plasticity that scales with photosynthetic capacity across a tree canopy, and that it is only moderately (if at all) affected by seasonal changes in the absence of significant soil water depletion.”
“The aim of the present work was to study the mechanism of action of curcumin in vasomotion of a physiologically important artery of ruminant i.e. ruminal artery. ACh and SNP were used to study the role of endothelium in relaxation of this artery. Vasorelaxatation by curcumin R428 was studied

in a dose dependent manner, on rings precontracted with 5-hydroxy tryptamine and noradrenalin, in presence and absence of L-NAME, 4AP, ODQ and 4AP + ODQ combination. SNP (1 eta M-100 mu M) produced a significant relaxation compared to ACh (0.1-100 mu M) on 5-HT (10 mu M) and NA (10 mu M)

induced contraction in endothelium intact rings. Curcumin (10 eta M-100 mu M) relaxed the vascular rings in dose dependent manner with maximal relaxation up to 20.94% and 13.81% in 5-HT and NA induced contraction, respectively which was potently blocked by ODQ (10 mu M) and combination of 4AP and ODQ (10 mu M) but 4AP (10 mu M) and L-NAME (100 mu M) alone could not block the relaxation and interestingly we observed a slight increase in the tension at higher dose of the agonist (>10 mu M). Therefore in goat ruminal artery, curcumin at least in part, act via direct p53 inhibitor activation of sGC mediated cGMP pathway followed by opening of K+ ion channel. However other mechanisms may not be ruled out. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Through the measurements of magnetothermopower on NaCo(2-x)Fe(x)O(4), we find that the spin entropy is suppressed by doping with high-spin Fe(3+) (S = 5/2) which is revealed by Mossbauer spectra. The Mossbauer spectra and magnetic properties indicate that the Co(4+) concentration is enhanced by Fe doping. A suitable theoretical model is adopted to explain commendably the spin entropy suppression. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3409112]“
“C-13 discrimination in organic matter with respect to atmospheric CO2 (Delta C-13) is under tight genetic control in many plant species, including the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) full-sib progeny used in this study.

While concerns for peripheral oedema and HF continue Doramapimod concentration to confound clinical use of TZD medications, the direct cardiac effects of these drugs remain poorly understood and the clinical relevance

of these clinical observations remains unclear. The present study will combine a series of state-of-the-art assessments to evaluate the cardiac effects of rosiglitazone treatment. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00424762).”
“Background-Data regarding the familial aggregation of left ventricular (LV) geometry and its relations to parental heart failure (HF) are limited.

Methods and Results-We evaluated concordance of LV geometry within 1093 nuclear families in 5758 participants of the original (parents) (n=2351) and offspring (n=3407) cohorts of the Framingham Heart Study undergoing routine echocardiography Momelotinib clinical trial in mid-to late adulthood. LV geometry was categorized based on cohort-and sex-specific 80th percentile cutoffs of LV mass and relative wall thickness (RWT) into normal (both <80th percentile), concentric remodeling (LV mass <80th percentile; RWT >80th percentile), concentric hypertrophy (both >80th percentile), and eccentric hypertrophy (LV mass >80th percentile; RWT <80th percentile). Within nuclear families, LV geometry was

concordant among related pairs (parent-child, sibling-sibling) (P=0.0015) but not among unrelated spousal pairs (P=0.60), a finding that remained unchanged after adjusting for clinical covariates known to influence LV remodeling (age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index), excluding individuals with prevalent HF and myocardial infarction, and varying the

thresholds for defining LV geometry. The prevalence of abnormal LV geometry was higher in family members of affected individuals, with recurrence risks of 1.4 for concentric remodeling https://www.sellecn.cn/products/idasanutlin-rg-7388.html (95% CI, 1.2 to 1.7) and eccentric hypertrophy (95% CI, 1.1 to 1.8) and 3.9 (95% CI, 3.2 to 4.6) for concentric hypertrophy. In a subset of 1497 offspring, we observed an association between parental HF (n=458) and eccentric hypertrophy in offspring (P<0.0001).

Conclusions-Our investigation of a 2-generational community-based sample demonstrates familial aggregation of LV geometry, with the greatest recurrence risk for concentric LV geometry, and establishes an association between eccentric LV geometry and parental HF. (Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2010;3:492-498.)”
“Background-Small RNA molecules, called microRNAs, freely circulate in human plasma and correlate with varying pathologies. In this study, we explored their diagnostic potential in a selection of prevalent cardiovascular disorders.

The ON/OFF conductivity ratio of the OBDs was approximately 10(2). Because the electron occupation probability increased with increasing trap depth, the number of electrons trapped in the organic layer increased, resulting in an increase in the ON/OFF ratio of the current bistability. The experimental I-V curves for OBDs were in reasonable agreement with the theoretical I-V curves obtained selleck products by using a simulation method. (C) 2011

American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3626071]“
“The identification of regulatory T (Treg) cells was originally based on CD25 expression; however, CD25 is also expressed by activated effector T cells. FoxP3 is a more definitive marker of Treg cells, and CD4+FoxP3+CD25+ T cells are considered the dominant

natural Treg (nTreg) population. It has been suggested that certain CD4+FoxP3+ Treg cells do not express CD25. In this study, we used a murine model of respiratory infection with Bordetella pertussis BKM120 supplier to examine the role of Treg cells in protective immunity in the lung. We first demonstrated that CD4+FoxP3+CD25- cells are the dominant Treg population in the lung, gut and liver. Pre-activated lung CD4+FoxP3+CD25- cells suppressed CD4+ effector T cells in vitro, which was partly mediated by IL-10 and not dependent on cell contact. Furthermore, CD4+FoxP3+CD25-IL-10+ T cells were found in the lungs of mice DAPT supplier at the peak of infection with B. pertussis. The rate of bacterial clearance was not affected by depletion of CD25+ cells or in IL-10-deficient (IL-10-/-) mice, but was compromised in CD25-depleted IL-10-/- mice. Our findings suggest that IL-10-producing CD4+FoxP3+CD25- T cells represent an important regulatory cell in the lung.”
“During this centennial year of the American Society of Animal Science (ASAS), it is of interest to look back over the history of our Society

and, in particular, to the many contributions made by researchers in the area of swine nutrition. A great number of basic and applied research studies involving the nutrition of weanling, growing, and finishing pigs, and gestating and lactating sows have been conducted by swine nutritionists during the past 100 yr. Most of these studies were conducted at universities by animal scientists or by the graduate students under their leadership. Others were conducted by nutritionists in the feed and pharmaceutical industries and government scientists at ARS/USDA research centers. Contributions were also made by animal scientists beyond our borders. Much of the research was published in the Journal of Animal Science during its 66 yr of existence. Before the first issue of the journal was published in 1942, some of the earlier studies were reported in the Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Society of Animal Production, the forerunner of ASAS.