Quantitative discussion about these temperature dependences of the PL intensity will be made later. The transient PL for the E 1 band emission as a function of temperature in the Si ND array is shown in Figure  1b. The temporal evolution of each PL profile cannot be expressed by a single exponential function. The best fit was obtained typically using a triple exponential function as shown

in Figure  1c, which is common for all array samples of the high-density Si NDs. From this fitting, we have identified three PL decaying components with find more different time constants τ 1 = 770 ps, τ 2 buy RGFP966 = 110 ps, and τ 3 = 15 ps, respectively, for this case at 250 K as an example. Several papers have demonstrated ultrafast PL in a sub-picosecond region for Si NCs by means of up-conversion PL. The ultrafast emission ranging 2.0 to 2.4 eV was observed, which was attributed to the pseudodirect gap emission from the core states of Si NCs [11, 12]. In contrast, the PL components observed in our samples show time constants ranging from 10 ps to 1 ns, where values are much higher than those of the above pseudodirect gap emissions. Therefore, the most probable origin of the E 1 emission is emissive surface states weakly located at the interfaces Vactosertib of Si NDs. Dhara and Giri have reported the PL emission with the wavelength of about

600 nm with decay times of several nanoseconds [13]. They assigned this PL to the quasi-direct bandgap emission in heavily strained Si NCs because of their unique preparation of the NCs by milling. Sa’ar reviewed recent developments in the PL studies of various Si nanostructures and suggested that neither quantum confinement model nor surface chemistry model can solely explain the entire spectrum of emission properties [14]. The three PL components with different decay times imply three different types of emissive sites in the present ND array. We assigned these three decaying components from the for disk density and excitation power dependences

of the PL decay time and intensity [20]. The emission with the slowest decay time τ 1 on the order of 1 ns was interpreted by electron–hole pairs or excitons localized at individual NDs, because this PL component was dominant in the case of low-density dispersive NDs with the disk interspacings larger than 40 nm. The emission with the decay time τ 2 was understood by recombination of an electron–hole pair or exciton not strongly localized in each ND, where each wavefunction of the carrier spreads over neighboring NDs to some extent due to periodic regular alignment of the ND separated by ultrathin potential barriers. The fastest PL component with τ 3 was attributed to the recombination which was strongly affected by the electron tunneling among the NDs. In other words, this fastest PL was quenched by the electron transfer. The latter two faster PL components appeared only at high excitation densities in the high-density ND arrays.

The IR spectra of the soluble and insoluble products were identical as aforementioned, suggesting that the side reactions are ignorable. This polymerization is a 2 + 3-type polycondensation and potentially yields cross-linked insoluble

polymers. Intermolecular coupling reactions should be adequately suppressed to obtain soluble products. We presume that longer alkyl groups are advantageous not only to increase the solubility but also to suppress intermolecular coupling reactions. As a result, OTSH, having the longest alkyl group among examined, could give soluble polymers, whereas other TSHs could ATM inhibitor not due to the shorter alkyl chains insufficient to overcome these factors. The Zn/S values of the insoluble products were higher than the buy Ilomastat theoretical values. The higher Zn content implies the self-condensation of Zn(OAc)2 to produce oligomeric ZnO [30], which is also responsible for the insolubility. All the reaction mixtures after

the reactions this website were homogeneous, and we presume that the self-condensation may have occurred during the purification processes. AFM analysis The solid-state structure of OTZnS obtained at run 1 in Table 2 was evaluated using AFM (Figure 6). The samples were prepared by casting 1, 10, and 50 mg/mL of THF solutions onto the mica substrates. The AFM images of OTZnS prepared from diluted 1 and 10 mg/mL solutions showed the presence of spherical nanoparticles with 10-nm height. Aggregated structures were not observable in the images, and the height distributions were very narrow. The heights can be correlated to the molecular size of OTZnS in the solid state. The good dispersion Baf-A1 solubility dmso ability probably originated from the long alkyl chains existing on the surface to prevent aggregation [31]. The AFM image of OTZnS prepared from 50 mg/mL solution showed larger particles produced by aggregation, but particles larger than 50 nm were not observed. The good dispersibility is suitable

for ingredients for optical materials without scattering by large aggregates. Figure 6 AFM height and cross-sectional images of OTZnS obtained in run 1 in Table 2 . Cast from 1, 10, and 50 mg/mL of THF solution on mica. Refractive property of OTZnS The refractive property of OTZnS was evaluated. Unfortunately, the film cast from the solutions of OTZnS was very brittle and not self-standing enough for the measurement of refractive index. Accordingly, we evaluated the refractive indexes of the composite films of OTZnS and PMMA cast from the THF solutions (Table 3, Figure 7). The maximum weight composition of OTZnS was 67% for transparent film, and higher OTZnS composition resulted in the formation of brittle and heterogeneous films. The addition of OTZnS increased the refractive indexes of the resulting film, and the refractive indexes increased as the composition of OTZnS increased. The maximum n D value reached 1.56, and the n D value of OTZnS itself was calculated to be 1.

CrossRefPubMed 20. Cole SP, Harwood J, Lee R, She R, Guiney DG: Characterization of monospecies biofilm formation by Helicobacter pylori. J Bacteriol 2004, 186:3124–3132.CrossRefPubMed 21. Carron MA, Tran Emricasan VR, Sugawa C, Coticchia JM: Identification of Helicobacter pylori biofilms in human gastric mucosa. J Gastrointest Surg 2006, 10:712–717.CrossRefPubMed 22. Lee EY, Choi DS, Kim KP, Gho YS: Proteomics in gram-negative bacterial

outer membrane vesicles. Mass Spectrom Rev 2008, 27:535–55.CrossRefPubMed 23. Park SR, Mackay WG, Reid DC: Helicobacter sp. recovered from drinking water biofilm sampled from a water distribution system. Water Res 2001, 35:1624–6.CrossRefPubMed 24. Davey ME, O’Toole GA: Microbial biofilms: from ecology to molecular genetics. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2000, 64:847–867.CrossRefPubMed 25. O’Toole GA, Kaplan HB, Kolter R: Biofilm formation as microbial development. Annu Rev Microbiol 2000, 54:49–79.CrossRefPubMed 26. Qin Z, Ou Y, Yang L, Zhu Y, Tolker-Nielsen T, Molin S, Qu D: Role of autolysin-mediated DNA release in biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Microbiology 2007, 153:2083–92.CrossRefPubMed 27. Götz F, Heilmann C, Cramton XAV-939 price SE: Molecular basis of catheter associated infections by staphylococci. Adv Exp Med Biol 2000, 485:103–11.CrossRefPubMed 28. Beveridge TJ: Structures of gram-negative cell walls and their derived membrane vesicles. J Bacteriol 1999, 181:4725–4733.PubMed

29. Fiocca R, Necchi V, Sommi P, Ricci V, Telford J, Cover TL, Solcia E: Release of Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin by both a specific secretion pathway and budding of outer membrane vesicles. Uptake of released toxin and vesicles by gastric epithelium. J Pathol 1999, 188:220–226.CrossRefPubMed Evodiamine 30. Keenan JI, Allardyce RA, Bagshaw PF: Dual silver staining to characterize Helicobacter spp. outer membrane components. J Immunol Methods 1997, 209:17–24.CrossRefPubMed 31. Danes PN, Pratt LA, Kolter R: Exopolysaccharide production is required for development of Escherichia coli K-12 biofilm architecture. J Bacteriol 2000, 182:3593–3596.CrossRef 32. Keenan JI, Davis KA, Beaugie CR, McGovern JJ, Moran AP: Alterations

in Helicobacter pylori outer membrane and outer membrane vesicle-associated lipopolysaccharides under iron-limiting growth conditions. Innate Immun 2008, 14:279–290.CrossRefPubMed 33. Costerton JW, Cheng KJ, Geesey GG, Ladd TI, Nickel JC, Dasgupta M, Marrie TJ: Bacterial biofilms in nature and disease. Annu Rev Microbiol 1987, 41:435–464.CrossRefPubMed 34. LY2835219 purchase Williams JC, McInnis KA, Testerman TL: Adherence of Helicobacter pylori to abiotic surfaces is influenced by serum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008, 74:1255–1258.CrossRefPubMed 35. Nakagawa S, Osaki T, Fujioka Y, Yamaguchi H, Kamiya S: Long-term infection of Mongolian gerbils with Helicobacter pylori : microbiological, histopathological, and serological analyses. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2005, 12:347–353.PubMed 36.

In this study, a large audiometric dataset of 29,216 construction workers is used to describe their hearing status. The effect of noise exposure on hearing is observed by comparing hearing threshold levels of noise-exposed workers to thresholds of references. The relationship between hearing and noise intensity and noise exposure time is examined, with particular interest in the hearing loss established during the first 10 years of noise exposure. The measured relationships are compared to ISO-1999 predictions. In addition, the influence of wearing hearing protection and other factors collected in periodic occupational health surveys on NIHL is considered.

Methods This cross-sectional study is based on data collected by Arbouw, the Dutch national institute on occupational health and safety in the construction industry. These data

are derived from medical records of periodic occupational Natural Product Library supplier health examinations (POHE), performed between 1 November 2005 and 20 July 2006 throughout The Netherlands. A POHE consists of an extensive self-administered questionnaire and a physical examination, including standardized audiometric testing. POHEs are provided for all employees in the construction industry, irrespective of occupational noise exposure. The right to participate is laid down in the collective labour agreement, and participation is completely voluntary. Demographic, Veliparib order occupational and health-related data are extracted anonymously from the medical records. This includes information regarding job title, use of HPDs (yes/no), self-reported hearing complaints, noise disturbance at work and the number of years employed in both the construction industry and the current occupation. Cigarette Clomifene smoking status (non-/ex-/current smoker) alcohol intake (gl/wk) and blood pressure are also recorded.

Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg combined with diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg (De Moraes Marchiori 2006). Independent ethical approval is not needed for this type of retrospective analyses in the Netherlands. Participants The eligible study population contains all 29,216 construction workers who had undergone a POHE in the given period. Hearing threshold levels of the noise-exposed construction workers are compared to different reference groups, in order to separate the effects of occupational noise from those due to ageing and other non-occupational causes of hearing loss. The ISO-1999 standard provides two reference databases: database A, based on a highly screened non-noise-exposed population free from otologic disease, which is used in this study to correct for median age-related hearing loss; and annex B, an Anlotinib alternative database representing a typical otologically unscreened population of an industrialized country, not occupationally exposed to noise. This database derived from representative population-based samples can serve as an appropriate comparison group (Dobie 2006).

NS, P > 0.05 Discussion The principle findings of this study were that 12 weeks of resistance exercise training significantly increased muscle strength and fat free mass and significantly decreased waist-to-hip ratio, percent body fat, and total serum cholesterol in overweight, hyperlipidemic

men. All groups had an equal reduction in total cholesterol, although the ratio of LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol tended to improve more in the soy group. These results provide further support for a structured resistance training program to improve strength and the cardiovascular risk profile of sedentary, overweight adult men desiring to improve their overall health. Although no significant differences were observed among groups in total cholesterol Bioactive Compound Library and HDL-C after 12 weeks of resistance training,

the soy group showed a tendency to improve SN-38 research buy both TC:HDL-C and LDL-C:HDL-C. These values were 2.5 and 2.0 times those of the whey group, respectively. These ratios are important variables in the prediction of CVD risk [25–27]. HDL-C levels are inversely related to CVD risk because HDL-C inhibits LDL oxidation (central to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis) and reverses cholesterol transport [28, 29]. Though all experimental groups demonstrated an equal reduction in total cholesterol, it may be relevant that ratios of LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol improved more in the soy group. Regional distribution Methamphetamine of fat is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease with central (abdominal) fat deposits posing higher risk [2]; therefore our finding of a reduction in waist to hip ratio is of significant importance. The average reductions in waist and hip circumferences were 1.4 inches and 1 inch, respectively. These reductions are not likely the result of PLK inhibitor dietary

changes as there were no significant changes in total calories, total fat or body weight over the course of the 12-week study. This finding supports previous studies that show resistance training decreases abdominal adiposity and reduces the waist-to-hip ratio, although total body weight changes may be small [5, 8, 14]. Banz et al. [1] and Ibanez et al. [14] demonstrated a significant reduction in waist-to-hip ratio and total body fat after subjects were placed on 10 and 16 weeks of resistance exercise sessions, respectively. Campbell et al. [30] also saw significant reductions in percent body fat and fat mass and a significant increase in fat free mass after 12 weeks of resistance training with subjects either on a low protein diet (0.8 g/kg/day) or on a higher protein diet (1.62 g/kg/day) diet. Our findings agree with these studies in that major changes in body weight or BMI were not observed, despite significant reductions in fat mass and adiposity.

In neuroblastoma, TLR9 expression has been found to correlate inversely with disease stage [25] whereas in glioma, TLR9

expression has shown to be significantly higher in high grade tumours compared to low-grade gliomas and TLR9 immunoexpression has been reported to be a statistically significant marker of poorer prognosis in glioma [26]. Thus, the contribution of either high or low TLR9 expression to the pathophysiology of cancer may be highly tumour specific. Upon the recognition of DNA, TLR9 recruits specific intracellular adaptor proteins to initiate signalling pathways and the eventual outcome is an immune reaction characterized by the increased production of inflammatory mediators like interferon and other inflammatory cytokines [3, 27]. RCC is generally renowned of its immunogenic GDC-0994 ic50 nature. RCC can allure different effector cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system including natural Epigenetics inhibitor killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DC) and various T cells [28]. A variety

of tumour-associated antigens (TAAs) which can evoke tumour-specific T-cell-defined immune responses in cancer patients has been detected in RCC tumours [29]. More importantly, immunotherapy with interferon alpha (IFN-α) or interleukin 2 (IL-2) can produce even complete and durable response in advanced RCC [30] and tumour vaccines have shown to have some response, too [31]. Rare cases of spontaneous regression of metastases in RCC caused probably by immunologic mechanism have been reported [32]. Thus, the prognostic significance of TLR9 expression in RCC may be associated with immune responses to the tumour VRT752271 purchase cells. Hypothetically, in the absence of RCC TLR9 expression, such responses are not evoked and they are less susceptible to immunosurveillance and they can progress. These issues warrant further investigation. Low oxygen environments can be created by various pathophysiological conditions, including infection, inflammation, tissue injury, and solid tumours Protirelin [33]. Hypoxia is one of the significant features of solid tumours, including kidney tumours. Hypoxia and the compensatory hyperactivation

of angiogenesis are thought to be particularly important in RCC [34]. In hypoxia, an increased expression of various TLRs including TLR9 has been demonstrated [35, 36] and this induction of TLRs has shown to be coordinated by the hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) [35]. Whether or not the absence of TLR9 in RCC is regulated by hypoxia and HIF-1 and thereby, increase the aggressive behaviour of the tumour cells also warrant further investigation. Conclusions In conclusion, TLR9 immunoexpression is common in RCC, where it is associated with better prognosis in RCC and the lack of TLR9 expression in RCC predicts short survival. The favourable influence of TLR9 expression on the course of the disease may be based on the immunologic response generated to the renal carcinoma cells.

castellanii infected monolayers Acanthamoeba castellanii monolayers were infected at an MOI of 50 with E. coli, L. pneumophila, T. equigenitalis or T. asinigenitalis. Cell-bacterium contact was initiated by centrifugation (880 × g,

10 min) and incubated at 37°C in 5% (v/v) CO2 in air. Monolayers were observed with a Nikon inverted microscope coupled with an Olympus camera (DP120). Influence PI3K inhibitor of heat-killed A. castellanii and A. castellanii culture supernatant on taylorellae growth Microfiltered (0.22 μm) supernatant of A. castellanii cultured in PYG medium for 5 days and heat-killed A. castellanii cells (100°C, 30 min) were inoculated with a T. equigenitalis or T. asinigenitalis strain at an OD600 of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5. These cultures were incubated for 5 days at 37°C, either in 5% (v/v) CO2 in air in a static state or aerobically under agitation (200 rpm). Bacterial growth was measured over time by optical density measurement and

plate counts. Results Evolution of taylorellae concentrations in co-culture with A. castellanii To characterise the capacity of T. equigenitalis and T. asinigenitalis to persist within the free-living amoeba A. castellanii, we performed A. castellanii-taylorellae co-cultures and determined the evolution of extracellular (Figure 1A) and amoeba-associated (Figure 1B) bacterial concentrations over time. Escherichia coli MLN8237 in vivo was used as an amoeba-sensitive control bacterium and L. pneumophila, which is able to replicate and evade amoebae, was used as an amoeba-resistant control bacterium. The same evolution of T. equigenitalis and T. asinigenitalis concentrations was observed over the 7 days of co-culture with A. castellanii: the extracellular taylorellae concentrations decreased about one fold over the experiment period, while the amoeba-associated taylorellae concentrations remained strikingly

constant throughout. By comparison, the extracellular and amoeba-associated concentrations Thymidylate synthase of L. pneumophila rapidly rose after two days of incubation and then declined as expected up to and including day 7, due to the nutrient limitation of the culture medium. As expected, the amount of extracellular and amoeba-associated E. coli declined drastically over time during co-culture with A. castellanii. These results show that T. equigenitalis and T. asinigenitalis persist in association with A. castellanii over time. Figure 1 Taylorella equigenitalis and T. asinigenitalis persist within A. castellanii over time. Evolution of extracellular (A) and amoeba-associated (B) bacterial concentrations https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lazertinib-yh25448-gns-1480.html following co-cultures with A. castellanii of T. equigenitalis, T. asinigenitalis, E. coli or L. pneumophila. Amoebae were infected at an MOI of 50 and at indicated time, extracellular and amoeba-associated bacteria following lysis were quantified by plating. The results are expressed in CFU/ml and each bar represents the geometric mean of triplicate wells. The standard deviations are represented by error bars.

25) (7.69) NONE NONE NONE lprN [Rv3495c] C798T C1016A [GenBank: HQ901094] Thr339Lys Ala266Ala (26.47) (29.09) (30.9) (31.57) (31.07) mce4F [Rv3494c] C117A C1214T [GenBank: HQ901087] Pro405Lys Thr39Thr (8.75) (9.09) (7.3) (10.52) (5.09) Frequency of single nucleotide check details polymorphisms detected in the genes of mce4 operon. The nucleotide

changes and the corresponding changes Histone Methyltransferase inhibitor & DOT1 inhibitor in amino acids are shown here. The frequency of SNPs was calculated from 112 clinical isolates. The data has been subdivided according to the drug susceptibility profile. The single letter nucleotide designations used are as follows: A, adenine; C, cytosine; G, guanine and T, thymidine. The three letter amino acid designations used are as follows Ala, alanine; Ile, isoleucine; Pro, proline; Val, valine; Gly, glycine; Phe, phenylalanine; www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk1838705a.html Thr, threonine; Arg, arginine; Ser; serine; Gln, glutamine and Lys, lysine. DS: drug sensitive, DR: drug resistant, SDR: single drug resistant, MDR TB: Multi drug resistant Effect of SNPs on codon usage in mce operons The preferential usage of codons for different amino acids in various organisms including M. tuberculosis is well known. The codon bias influences the translational efficiency in these organisms [15]. Therefore, we analysed the codon usage in M. tuberculosis for synonymous changes observed in both mce1 and mce4 operons. Analysis revealed that codons of amino acids were changed to the

next preferred codon (Table 3). It is possible that such altered preference for certain codons would alter the expression of the respective proteins. Table 3 Codon usage in mce1 and mce4 operons Operon Gene name (Accession Number) Wild type codon Polymorphic codon mce1 operon mce1A [Rv0169] TAC TA T   yrbE4A [Rv3501c] GCG ATC GC T AT A mce4 yrbE4B [Rv3500c] ATC CCC AT T CC T operon mce4A [Rv3499c] TTC TT T   lprN [Rv3495c] GCC GC T   mce4F [Rv3494c] ACC AC A The codon usage in the polymorphic regions is shown here. The synonymous changes in the nucleotide sequence, when analysed bioinformatically through Gene Runner software version 3.05 (Hastings Software, Inc.) MycoClean Mycoplasma Removal Kit predicts the usage of less preferred codon which could reflect

upon the expression efficiency of the protein encoded by the gene. Nucleotide highlighted in bold indicates the altered nucleotide. Prediction of functional consequences of nonsynonymous SNPs by PolyPhen and PMut servers The functional impact of 12 nonsynonymous SNPs in proteins of mce1 and mce4 operons was analyzed using PolyPhen http://​genetics.​bwh.​harvard.​edu/​pph/​ and PMut http://​mmb2.​pcb.​ub.​es:​8080/​PMut/​ servers. Of the 12 nonsynonymous SNPs studied, 5 nonsynonymous SNPs were predicted to be deleterious to the organism by both PolyPhen and PMut programs. These nonsynonymous SNPs were located in the genes yrbE1B [Rv0168] (NN output; 0.84, PSIC score; 1.6), mce1A [Rv0169] (NN output; 0.84, PSIC score; 2.04), mce1B [Rv0170] (NN output; 0.59, PSIC score; 1.

Lac-production accounts for the generation of 94% of the hydrogen cation (H+) concentration in skeletal muscle [1]. SC79 Accumulation of H+, as a result of high-intensity exercise, may lead to a decline in intracellular pH from around 7.0 at rest [2]

to as low as 6.0 [3]. H+ accumulation may contribute to fatigue by Quisinostat chemical structure interfering with several metabolic processes affecting force production [4]. More specifically, the accumulation of H+ in skeletal muscle disrupts the recovery of phosphorylcreatine [5] and its role as a temporal buffer of ADP accumulation [6, 7], inhibits glycolysis [8] and disrupts functioning of the muscle contractile machinery [9, 10]. The extent of the decrease in intracellular pH with the production of H+ during exercise is mediated by intramuscular buffers and secondarily by H+ transport from muscle. Physicochemical buffers need to be present in high concentrations in the muscle and also require a pKa that is within the exercise-induced pH transit range. Carnosine

(β-alanyl-L-histidine) selleck compound is a cytoplasmic dipeptide found in high concentrations in skeletal muscle [11] and has a pKa of 6.83 for the imidazole ring, which makes it a suitable buffer over the physiological pH range [12, 13]. Carnosine is formed by bonding histidine and β-alanine in a reaction GPX6 catalysed by carnosine synthase, although, in humans, formation of carnosine in the skeletal muscle is limited by the availability of β-alanine [14]. Data from a recent meta-analysis [15] provides support for the assertion that the main mechanism supporting an effect of increased muscle carnosine on exercise performance and capacity is through an increase in intramuscular buffering capacity. Other studies also provide some indirect evidence

to support this role [16, 17], although this is by no means the only purported physiological role for carnosine that could influence exercise performance and capacity (for review see [18]). Despite the role played by intramuscular buffers, pH will still fall concomitant with Lac- accumulation. As a result, it is vital to transport H+ and Lac- out of the muscle cell to prevent further reductions in intracellular pH, to reduce cellular concentrations of Lac- and allow extracellular buffers to assist in acid–base regulation. During dynamic exercise, transport of H+ out of the muscle cell provides the main control over intracellular pH, although physicochemical buffers and, to a lesser extent, metabolic buffers provide the first line of defence. However, under conditions where muscle blood flow is occluded, physicochemical buffers provide the only defence against local changes in pH.

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70. Nagata T, Haemori M, Yamashita Y, Yoshikawa H, Iwashita Y, Kobayashi K, Chikyow T: Bias application hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of forming process of Cu/HfO 2 /Pt resistive random access memory structure. Appl Phys Lett 2011, 99:223517.CrossRef 71. Yoon J, Choi H, Lee D, Park JB, Lee J, Seong DJ, Ju Y, Chang M, Jung S, Hwang H: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/VX-680(MK-0457).html Excellent switching uniformity of Cu-doped MoO x /GdO x bilayer for nonvolatile memory applications. IEEE Electron Device Lett 2009, 30:457.CrossRef 72. Tada M, Sakamoto T, Banno N, Aono M, Hada buy Crenolanib H, Kasai N: Nonvolatile crossbar switch using TiO x /TaSiO y solid electrolyte. IEEE Trans Electron Devices 1987, 2010:57. 73. Goux L, Opsomer K, Degraeve R, Muller R, Detavernier

C, Wouters DJ, Jurczak M, Altimime L, Kittl JA: Influence of the Cu-Te composition and microstructure on the resistive switching of Cu-Te/Al 2 O 3 /Si cells. Appl Phys Lett 2011, 99:053502.CrossRef 74. Kim DC, Seo S, Ahn SE, Suh DS, Lee MJ, Park BH, Yoo IK, Baek IG, Kim HJ, Yim EK, Lee JE, Park SO, Kim HS, Chung UI, Moon JT, Ryu BI: Electrical observations of filamentary conductions for the resistive memory switching in NiO films. Appl Phys Lett 2006, 88:202102.CrossRef 75.

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