“
“Introduction. Pain, a common experience ON-01910 molecular weight reported by orthodontic patients, has its intensity assessed with the help of subjective scales, which have a limited and disputable value. Such unpleasant experience, which may raise stress levels, is reflected by an increase in the salivary
concentration of alpha-amylase.
Objective. Assess the correlation between the salivary levels of alpha-amylase and pain intensity reported by patients during orthodontic treatment.
Patients. Twenty male patients (11-37 years of age) were assessed daily, before treatment, after bracket bonding, and after initial arch wire insertion.
Design. Saliva was sampled for alpha-amylase
analysis, and pain intensity was measured with the visual analog scale.
Results. There was no correlation between alpha-amylase Adriamycin chemical structure concentrations in the saliva and pain intensity, although the patients had a significant and progressive increase of alpha-amylase levels during the assessment period.
Conclusions. The findings may reflect the psychological stress caused by the presence and activation of the fixed appliance.”
“Our current marine natural product program investigated the second metabolites of an actinomycete Streptomyces cavourensis YY01-17 originating from the Antarctic ecological niche to discover potential antitumor chemical entities. Two new compounds, along with a known DMXAA compound, were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the fermentation broth of the marine-derived actinomycete, and their structures were elucidated, respectively, as 2(S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl 2-hydroxypropanoate (1), (E)-3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethylhept-4-enamide (2), and 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid (3) on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation.”
“Objective. The study aimed to seek a unifying biological basis for the phenomena encompassed in fibromyalgia syndrome (chronic widespread pain and associated morbidities).
Setting. While
much progress has been made in the last decade in understanding chronic widespread pain, its pathogenesis remains stubbornly obscure and its treatment difficult. Two themes are gaining currency in the field: that chronic widespread pain is the result of central sensitization of nociception, and that chronic pain is somehow related to activation of a global stress response.
Design. In this article we merge these two ideas within the perspective of evolutionary biology to generate a hypothesis about the critical molecular pathway involved in chronic stress response activation, namely substance P and its preferred receptor, neurokinin-1 (NK-1R), which has many empirically testable implications.
Conclusion.