Structural elucidation was performed using detailed analyses of H-1 and C-13 NMR spectra including 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques and chemical conversions. The haemolytic activity of the saponin was evaluated using in vitro assays, and its adjuvant potential on the cellular immune response against ovalbumin antigen was investigated using in vivo models. (C) 2012 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.”
“Current health-care reform is focusing on improving

patient outcomes while cutting health-care costs, and as such, surgeons should consider that postoperative pain management techniques can contribute to the overall value of care delivered to patients. The current SHP099 mouse study aims to evaluate the value of continuous wound infusion systems (CWIS) in patients following laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB).

Records of all consecutive patients who underwent elective LRYGB by a single surgeon from January 2008 until June 2010 were reviewed. The presence of CWIS, patient pain scores, postanesthesia care unit (PACU) times, postoperative

narcotic and antiemetic requirements, postoperative complications, and hospital length of stay (LOS) were recorded. Clinical data were subsequently linked and correlated with hospital financial data to determine overall hospital costs.

Forty-four LRYGB patients were reviewed; 24 (54.5 %) received CWIS for postoperative pain control. There was no significant difference in PACU times, learn more postoperative LOS, Dactolisib or postoperative complications. Patients with CWIS required significantly less narcotics (36.7 vs. 55.5 mg IV morphine equivalents for total LOS; p = 0.03) and antiemetics (5.0 vs. 12.4 mg ondansetron for total LOS; p = 0.02); however, patients with CWIS did not report better pain control and had slightly higher hospital costs ($13,627.00 vs. $13,395.05, p = 0.68).

Data from the current study suggest that the value of CWIS

for postoperative pain control following LRYGB is limited. As the environment for hospital reimbursement is changing to be one which is value driven, surgeons should consider analyses such as this when making decisions on which treatments to offer their patients.”
“About half of all bipolar patients have an alcohol abuse problem at some point of their lifetime. However, only one randomized, controlled trial of pharmacotherapy (valproate) in this patient population was published as of 2006. Therefore, we reviewed clinical trials in this indication of the last four years (using mood stabilizers, atypical antipsychotics, and other drugs). Priority was given to randomized trials, comparing drugs with placebo or active comparator. Published studies were found through systematic database search (PubMed, Scirus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Science Direct).