Strain annealing, Linsitinib concentration application of tension to produce uniform strain and subsequent high temperature annealing, was carried out to study the effect of “”strain induced boundary migration”" on AGG. A small amount of texture variation resulted, but no significant AGG was observed during tension annealing. During strain annealing, no texture or grain size variation was observed in the gauge region of uniform strain in the sample; however, abnormally grown Goss-texture was observed in regions of high stress concentration outside of the gauge region of the sample. (C) 2011 American

Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3565419]“
“Directly starting from L-lactic acid (LA) and L-aspartic acid (Asp), biodegradable material poly(lactic acid-co-aspartic acid) [P(LA-co-Asp)] was synthesized via melt polycondensation. The synthetic conditions, including type and dosage of catalyst, temperature, and time of copolymerization, and influence of molar feed ratio were discussed. The eFT508 MAPK inhibitor structure and properties of the copolymer were systematically

characterized with FTIR, (1)H-NMR, GPC, DSC, and XRD. With the increase of Asp in the feed, [eta] and M(w) decreased, and the crystallinity of the copolymer disappeared gradually. Compared to the homopolymer, poly(L-lactic acid) synthesized via melt polycondensation and the copolymer P(LA-co-Asp) had a higher glass-transition temperature (T(g)). The copolymer P(LA-co-Asp) with Mw of 4400-24300 Da was obtained, which could meet the demand as a drug-delivery carrier material. Compared to the ring-opening polymerization of the cyclic intermediates, including lactide, the novel direct copolycondensation method was a cheap and practical method for the synthesis of copolymer P(LA-co-Asp) as biomedical materials. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 121: 3662-3668, 2011″
“Global positioning system (GPS) technologies collect unprecedented

volumes of animal location data, providing ever greater insight into animal behaviour. Selleck Rapamycin Despite a certain degree of inherent imprecision and bias in GPS locations, little synthesis regarding the predominant causes of these errors, their implications for ecological analysis or solutions exists. Terrestrial deployments report 37 per cent or less non-random data loss and location precision 30 m or less on average, with canopy closure having the predominant effect, and animal behaviour interacting with local habitat conditions to affect errors in unpredictable ways. Home-range estimates appear generally robust to contemporary levels of location imprecision and bias, whereas movement paths and inferences of habitat selection may readily become misleading.