KAUFFMAN, S. & CLAYTON, P. (2006) On emergence, agency, and organization. Biology and Philosophy, 21,

500–520. ORGEL, L. E. (2002) The Origin of Biological Information. IN SCHOPF, J. W. (Ed.) Life’s Origin: The Beginnings of Biological Information. Berkeley, University of California Press. ROBINSON, A.J. and SOUTHGATE, C. (2008) ‘Interpretation and the Emergence of Life’, submitted to Biology and Philosophy. XIA, T., MATHEWS, D. H. & TURNER, D. H. (1999) Thermodynamics of RNA Secondary Structure Formation. IN SÖLL, D., NISHIMURA, S. & MOORE, P. B. (Eds.) Comprehensive Natural Products Chemistry: Vol. 6—Prebiotic Chemistry, Molecular Fossils, Nucleosides and RNA. Amsterdam, Elsevier. E-mail: c.​c.​b.​southgate@ex.​ac.​uk Interaction of Amino Acids with Clay Minerals Staurosporine and Their Relevance to Chemical Evolution and the Origins of Life Frankie Sami, Brij Bhushan Tewari Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Guyana, P.O. Box: 101110, Georgetown, Guyana A model is proposed for a prebiotic environment in which concentration, condensation and chemical evolution

of biomolecules could have taken place. Clays are likely to have been among the most important minerals because of their relatively large learn more surface-area-to-volume ratio, catalytic properties and wide spread geological occurrence. Trichostatin A molecular weight Chemical reactions on mineral surfaces (Bernal, 1949) may have provided a prebiotic route to the biopolymers required for the first life on the primitive earth since the larger polymers bind more strongly on the mineral surface. Adsorption of dl-aspartic acid, dl-leucine, dl-lysine and dl-serine in aqueous solution on halosite, hectorite, illite, kaolinite, nantronite and

montmorillonite is described. Interaction was studied at neutral pH (7.1 + 0.01) and room temperature (30 + 1°C).The progress of adsorption was followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance of amino acids solution at their corresponding λ max. Leucine and aspartic acid are found to have maximum and minimum adsorption respectively on all clay minerals studied. The Laugmuir type of adsorption is followed in the concentration range 10−3–10−4 M of amino acids solution. Amino acids and mineral surfaces Mirabegron are considered to have played important role in peptide formation during the course of chemical evolution in the primeval sea. Bernal, J. D. (1949) Proc.Roy.Soc.London, 357A: 537–558. XIA, T., MATHEWS, D. H. & TURNER, D. H. (1999) Thermodynamics of RNA Secondary Structure Formation. IN SÖLL, D., NISHIMURA, S. & MOORE, P. B. (Eds.) Comprehensive Natural Products Chemistry: Vol. 6—Prebiotic Chemistry, Molecular Fossils, Nucleosides and RNA. Amsterdam, Elsevier. E-mail: brijtew@yahoo.​com Molecular Dynamics in Nanopores and the Origin of Life Richard E.