However, of the two studies19 and 22 that examined the effects of Tai Ji Quan www.selleckchem.com/screening-libraries.html on

the autonomic nervous system only one found a significant between-group difference.22 There were four randomized clinical trials11, 24, 25 and 27 and a secondary analysis of data from one randomized clinical trial26 conducted among persons with chronic heart failure (Table 1). Study participants were aged between 59 and 69 years old, with left ventricular ejection fractions between 23% and 35%, and New York Heart Association symptom classes between 1 and 4. The effects of Tai Ji Quan on exercise capacity, quality of life (QoL), serum biomarkers, autonomic nervous system function, mood, sleep stability, psychosocial functioning, and physical activity level compared to usual care or education-controls were examined. Following the Tai Ji Quan intervention, participants had significantly better QoL, lower B-type Natriuretic Peptide, better mood and sleep stability, higher exercise self-efficacy, and walked farther compared Capmatinib solubility dmso to those in the control conditions (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between Tai Ji Quan and control groups on exercise capacity, autonomic

nervous system function, and physical activity level. Four randomized clinical trials examining the effects of Tai Ji Quan compared to other exercise or usual care groups (Table 1) were conducted among stroke survivors.28, 29, 30 and 31 Study participants ranged in age 55–77 years old, with 46%–56% having right-sided hemiparesis, and were on average 27–55 months post-stroke when enrolling in these Metalloexopeptidase studies. Outcome

variables included balance, gait speed, mobility, QoL, sleep quality, cognitive function, and the safety and feasibility of a Tai Ji Quan intervention. Tai Ji Quan for stroke survivors was reported to be safe and feasible with high study satisfaction, very high intervention adherence, and study retention.31 Two studies28 and 29 examined the effects of Tai Ji Quan on balance and reported mixed results, with only one finding a significant between-group difference.29 Simiarly, of the two studies28 and 30 that examined the effects of Tai Ji Quan on QoL only one found a significant between-group difference.28 There was no significant difference between Tai Ji Quan and the control conditions (balance training, stretching, or resistance training) on gait speed, mobility, sleep quality, or cognitive function.28, 29 and 30 A total of two randomized clinical trials, two quasi-experimental studies, one cross-over and one cross-sectional study examined Tai Ji Quan use in persons with CVD risk factors (Table 1).32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 and 39 Study participants with at least one CVD risk factor (e.g., hypertension, dyslipidemia, or impaired glucose metabolism) enrolled in these studies and were aged 51–66 years old.