Bicarbonates may have had a buffering effect during training sessions but amounts present in Cyclone are low compared to other studies (Price et al., 2003). Other ingredients such as bioperine are thought to enhance thermogenesis. It is concluded that supplementation with Cyclone during resistance training enhanced selleck compound the performance only of training-specific tasks, i.e. 1-RM and number of repetitions at 80% pre-training 1-RM. Our observations suggest that Cyclone during resistance training substantially improves the ability to perform training-related tasks in young adult males. Acknowledgments We thank Simon Jurkiw for help with experimental design of the study. Footnotes Competing interest Cyclone was provided by Maxinutrition Ltd (Hertfordshire, UK).

After completion of the study, funding for publication costs were requested and kindly provided from Maxinutrition Ltd (Hertfordshire, UK).
Swimming is a cyclic sport in which both bioenergetical and biomechanical factors assume a fundamental performance-influencing role. Together with running and cycling, swimming has been, along the years, one of the primary areas of research in Sport Sciences, being object of published scientific experimental studies since the 1930s. From the four conventional swimming techniques, front crawl has been the most studied, possibly due to its highest maximal velocity, and to its generalized use in freestyle events and in training. The fact that front crawl is the fastest swimming technique could be explained by its lower intra-cyclic velocity variation, implying lower energy expenditure, and higher propulsive efficiency (di Prampero, 1986; Toussaint and Hollander, 1994; Vilas-Boas et al.

, 2011). Once swimming may be considered as an aerobic sport, in which the anaerobic system contribution has significant influence (Capelli et al., 1998; Gastin, 2001; Figueiredo et al., 2011), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) plays a central role among the energy-yielding mechanisms (di Prampero, 1986); in fact, several authors consider this parameter as the expression of maximal metabolic aerobic performance capability of a subject and, therefore, related to one of the primary areas of interest in swimming training and performance diagnostic (Olbrecht, 2000; Libicz et al., 2005; Rushton, 2007; Sousa et al., 2011). However, and despite the fundamental areas of interest in swimming are already identified (Smith et al.

, 2002; Rushton, 2007), the study of the maximum duration of exercise in which the intensity corresponding to the minimum velocity that elicits VO2max Dacomitinib (vVO2max) can be maintained is scarcely studied. This parameter, usually denominated as Time Limit (TLim-vVO2max), expresses the maintenance of that specific constant velocity to the point of exhaustion, defined by the inability to maintain that precise velocity; so, in the TLim-vVO2max assessment, the measure of performance is time duration.