“
“Objective. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a severe neurological disease and its risk factors remain largely unknown. A meta-analysis A-1331852 mw was carried out to investigate the relationship of overweight and obesity with PD. Methods.

We used PubMed, EMBASE, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases to identify studies of associations between overweight/obesity and PD. Overweight, obesity, and PD were used as keywords, and published works were retrieved until September 30, 2013. The extracted data were classified (BMI >= 30, 25 <= BMI < 30, and BMI < 25) according to BMI values and analyzed using RevMan5.2 and Stata11.0. Results. Four cohort studies and three case-control studies were used to evaluate the association between overweight/obesity and PD, including

2857 PD patients and 5, 683, 939 cases of non-PD controls. There was a statistically significant difference between 25 <= BMI < 30 and BMI < 25 in the cohort study (RR = 1.17, 95% CI, 1.03-1.32, P = 0.03), but there was no difference between BMI >= 30 and 25 <= BMI < 25 or BMI 30 and 25 <= BMI < 30, where the respective RR was 1.16 and 0.84; the respective 95% CI was 0.67-2.01 and 0.61-1.15, respectively, and the Pc values were 0.60 and 0.28, respectively. Case-control studies showed that there was no statistical difference between any two groups. Conclusion. Meta-analysis showed that overweight might be a potential risk factor of PD. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/LBH-589.html Demonstration of a causal role of overweight/obesity in PD development could have important therapeutic implications.”
“Background: This review examines histological modifications obtained after liver radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Methods: A literature search has been undertaken for all pre-clinical and clinical studies involving RFA and in which ablation zones have been excised for a complete histological examination.

Results: Two main histological areas are present, a central zone of coagulative necrosis and a peripheral rim of congestion and extravasation.

Both corresponded to specific microscopic characteristics that evolved over time and PFTα order that are influenced by the proximity of patent vessels and the liver perfusion status. Viable cells are not present in the central zone but have been described in the ischemic peripheral rim where they survive the ischemia and inflammation process. These correspond in clinical studies to residual viable tumor cells that lead to failure of the procedure.

Conclusions: Histological changes following RFA are complex and interactions take place at both a cellular and tissue level. Changes in the peripheral zone must be considered in future studies in order to extend the volume of reliable tumor destruction and increase the effectiveness of the procedure. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.