Therefore, the present study was designed to explore the neuroprotective role of H2S on Hcy-induced neurodegeneration and neurovascular dysfunction. To test this hypothesis we employed wild-type (WT) males

ages 8-10 weeks, WT + artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF), WT + Hcy (0.5 mu mol/mu l) intracerebral injection (IC, one time only prior to NaHS treatment), WT + Hcy + NaHS (sodium hydrogen sulfide, precursor of H2S, 30 mu mol/kg, body weight). NaHS was injected i.p. once daily for the period of 7 days after the Hcy (IC) injection. Hcy treatment significantly increased malondialdehyde, nitrite level, acetylcholinestrase activity, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, glial fibrillary acidic protein, inducible nitric oxide synthase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and decreased glutathione level indicating buy Fedratinib oxidative-nitrosative stress and neuroinflammation as compared to control and aCSF-treated groups. Further, increased click here expression of neuron-specific enolase, S100B and decreased expression of (post-synaptic density-95, synaptosome-associated protein-97) synaptic protein indicated neurodegeneration. Brain sections of Hcy-treated mice showed damage in the cortical

area and periventricular cells. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated, dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells and Fluro Jade-C staining indicated apoptosis and neurodegeneration. The increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) MMP9, MMP2 and decreased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) TIMP-1, TIMP-2, tight junction proteins (zonula occulden 1)

in Hcy-treated group indicate neurovascular remodeling. Interestingly, NaHS treatment significantly attenuated Hcy-induced oxidative stress, memory deficit, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular remodeling. The results indicate that H2S is effective in providing protection against neurodegeneration Elacridar chemical structure and neurovascular dysfunction. (C) 2013 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Central glutamate neurotransmission has been postulated to play a role in pathophysiology of depression and in the mechanism of antidepressants. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the effect and the possible mechanism of bupropion, an atypical antidepressant, on endogenous glutamate release in nerve terminals of rat cerebral cortex (synaptosomes). Result showed that bupropion exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-evoked release of glutamate. The effect of bupropion on the evoked glutamate release was prevented by the chelating the intrasynaptosomal Ca(2+) ions, and by the vesicular transporter inhibitor, but was insensitive to the glutamate transporter inhibitor. Bupropion decreased depolarization-induced increase in [Ca(2+)](C), whereas it did not alter the resting synaptosomal membrane potential or 4-AP-mediated depolarization.