“
“Mutations in the presenilin-1 gene (PSEN1) on chromosome

14 are the most common cause of autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with around 180 mutations described to date. PSEN1 AD has a broad clinical phenotype, encompassing not only dementia but a variety of other neurological features which may include epileptic seizures. Around 20% of recorded PSEN1 mutations have been reported to selleck be associated with epileptic seizures, sometimes occurring as an early feature of disease, sometimes late. The epilepsy-associated PSEN1 mutations are spread throughout the PSEN1 gene. This frequency of seizure-associated PSEN1 mutations may be an underestimate, as epileptic seizures may not be recognized as such in the context of a dementing disorder, perhaps being labeled as “”confusion”" or delirious episodes. A high index of clinical suspicion for epileptic seizures in PSEN1 AD is therefore appropriate. The neuropathological substrates of PSEN1 AD-related seizures remain to be determined, as few such cases

have undergone detailed neuropathological examination. Nevertheless, PSEN1 AD should now be recognized, using the new International League Against Epilepsy nomenclature, as a genetic epilepsy syndrome. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“We study the effect of population inversion associated with the electron selleck screening library and hole injection in graphene p-i-n structures at the room and slightly lower temperatures. It is assumed that the recombination and energy relaxation of electrons and holes are associated primarily with the interband and intraband processes

assisted by optical phonons. The dependences of the electron-hole and optical phonon effective temperatures on the applied voltage, the current-voltage characteristics, and the frequency-dependent dynamic conductivity are calculated. In particular, we demonstrate that at low and moderate voltages, the injection can lead to a pronounced cooling of the electron-hole Rabusertib mw plasma in the device i-section to the temperatures below the lattice temperature. However at higher voltages, the voltage dependences can be ambiguous exhibiting the S-shape. It is shown that the frequency-dependent dynamic conductivity can be negative in the terahertz (THz) range of frequencies at certain values of the applied voltage. The electron-hole plasma cooling substantially reinforces the effect of negative dynamic conductivity and promotes the realization of terahertz lasing. On the other hand, the heating of optical phonon system can also be crucial affecting the realization of negative dynamic conductivity and terahertz lasing at the room temperatures. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3657853]“
“Eight triplicate samples of meat pie were randomly sampled from standard eatery and local kiosk in Benin City and analyzed microbiologically for the rates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.