Instead, appropriate, consistent Z-VAD-FMK nmr long-term landscape conditions

cause both the plants and the associated insects. Just as plants and insects got “sunk and dunked” together in temperate-zone bogs as relicts due to climatic oscillations (Dapkus 2004a; Spitzer and Danks 2006; Whitehouse et al. 2008), so too only insects finding consistent resources in the surrounding landscape exist to benefit when native plants are restored to a garden or reserve. Whatever shortfalls of such resource consistency determine what insects do not benefit from such plantings. A focus on plants can lead to restoration that destroys the continuity of required resources in the process, and loses the associated insects

(Kirby 1992), usually the ones most restricted to that site in the first place (such as described in Whitehouse et al. 2008). An alternate approach focuses on what’s “right” about those plants and conditions now (what’s been adequately consistent, however minimally, in resources to maintain such insect faunas), and maintaining that consistency, even if there are selleck products “wrong” things too. Acknowledgments We greatly appreciate Mrs. Sandra McKibben and Drs. William and Elsa Boyce for funding our bog surveys. We also thank them, Jed Bromfield and Henya Rachmiel, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources for funding some barrens surveys. We thank Jeff Nekola for generously sharing tips, site locations, patch sizes, and help with plant

identification. We greatly appreciate helpful comments from the referees and Editor-in-Chief David Hawksworth. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. References Ashworth AC (2001) Chapter 8: perspectives on quaternary beetles VAV2 and climate change. In: Gerhard LC, Harrison WE, Hanson BM (eds) Geological perspectives of global climate change. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Studies in Geology #47, Tulsa, pp 153–168 Brown KS (1997) Diversity, disturbance, and sustainable use of KPT-8602 Neotropical forests: insects as indicators for conservation monitoring. J Insect Conserv 1:25–42CrossRef Burghardt KT, Tallamy DW, Shriver WG (2009) Impact of native plants on bird and butterfly diversity in suburban landscapes. Conserv Biol 23:219–224CrossRefPubMed Cassie B, Glassberg J, Swengel A, Tudor G (2001) North American Butterfly Association (NABA) checklist and English names of North American butterflies, 2nd edn. North American Butterfly Association, Morristown Curtis JT (1959) The vegetation of Wisconsin: an ordination of plant communities.