europaea BCCP (Em=+70, +130 mV) (Shimizu et al., 2001), which lacks the distal ligand for the heme molecule with the lowest reduction potential but not to that of R. capsulatus BCCP (Em=−190 to −310, +270 mV) (De Smet et al., 2001) and P. aeruginosa BCCP (Em=–330, +320 mV) (Ellfolk et al., 1983). Thus, relatively high Em value of the lowest potential of the heme would be explained by the fact that the amino acid sequence of QPO that apparently lacks distal ligand of the heme in the middle portion. This idea would be supported by the previous observation showing five-coordinated heme c exhibits higher Em value than that of six-coordinated

heme c (Marboutin et al., 2006). However, although five-coordinated heme c have lower extinction coefficient (Marboutin et al., 2006), the relative spectral contribution of the each heme in QPO was nearly same. Further experiment is needed BVD-523 solubility dmso to address the coordination of heme in QPO. In the present study, we established HIF inhibitor a system for the overproduction and purification of rQPO to build a base for biophysical research

on QPO. Moreover, we initially measured the midpoint electron potentials for all the heme molecules in the triheme peroxidase. Biochemical analysis for the triheme c peroxidase has recently been undertaken. The results of our study will trigger further studies on QPO, including mutant analyses, and will help elucidate the mechanism underlying quinol–protein interaction and/or interaction among the three heme molecules in

QPO. This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists Axenfeld syndrome (B) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (#19791353 to E.T.) and by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (# 21592346 to K.K.). “
“Brucellosis is a major zoonotic disease caused by pathogens of the genus Brucella. The eradication of brucellosis in domestic animals, associated with the prevention of human infection, can be attained through accurate diagnosis. However, the conventional serological diagnosis of brucellosis has limitations, particularly in detecting the infection period. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine reliable immunogenic proteins to detect Brucella abortus infection according to time course responses to aid in the appropriate management of this disease. Proteomic identification through two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE), followed by immunoblotting, revealed 13, 24, and 55 immunodominant B. abortus 544 proteins that were reactive to sera from experimentally infected mice at early (10 days), middle (30 days), and late (60 days) infection periods, respectively. After excluding several spots reactive to sera from Yersinia enterocolitica O:9-infected and noninfected mice, 17 of the 67 immunodominant proteins were identified through MALDI-TOF MS.