22) or condition effect (p = 0.20) was noted for HLa. However, a time main effect was noted (p < 0.0001), with values higher post-exercise compared to pre-exercise. No statistically significant interaction (p = 0.98), condition (p = 0.31), or time effect (p = 0.77) was noted for NOx. No statistically significant interaction (p = 0.45), condition (p = 0.33), or time effect (p = 0.19) was noted for MDA. However, Cilengitide MDA decreased 13.7% from pre-exercise to post-exercise with
GlycoCarn® and increased in placebo (9.3%), SUPP1 (37.9%), SUPP2 (1.2%), and SUPP3 (20.0%). Data are presented in Table 7. Table 7 Bloodborne data of 19 resistance trained men receiving placebo or supplement in a cross-over design. Condition *Lactate (mmol∙L-1) Nitrate/Nitrite (μmol∙L-1) Malondialdehyde (μmol∙L-1) Baseline Pre 1.85 ± 0.12 22.18 ± 2.43 0.71 ± 0.06 Baseline Post 5.97 ± 0.33 22.11 ± 2.43 0.76 ± 0.09 Placebo Pre 2.03 ± 0.22 17.74 ± 1.57 0.75 ± 0.08 Placebo Post 6.52 ± 0.34 19.90 ± 1.67 0.82 ± 0.10 GlycoCarn® Pre 1.81 ± 0.13 22.72 ± 3.39 0.73 ± 0.06 GlycoCarn® Post 6.62 ± 0.41 21.68 ± 2.39 0.63 ± 0.04 SUPP1 Pre 2.08 ± 0.14 23.61 ± 3.46 0.58 ± 0.07 SUPP1 Post 7.51 ± 0.43 23.57 ± 3.21 0.80 ± 0.11 SUPP2 Pre 1.89 ± 0.16 18.89 ±
2.29 0.80 ± 0.12 SUPP2 Post 7.20 ± 0.37 19.89 ± 2.25 0.81 ± 0.11 SUPP3 Pre 1.53 ± 0.12 21.92 ± 2.91 0.66 ± 0.08 SUPP3 Post 7.10 ± 0.31 22.33 ± 2.69 0.79 ± 0.08 Data are mean ± SEM. No statistically significant interactions or condition effects noted for any variable (p > 0.05). * Time main effect Vactosertib for lactate (p < 0.0001). Pre = before exercise; Post = after exercise Discussion Our findings indicate that, compared to a maltodextrin placebo, none of the products tested in the present study result
in effects that are statistically different with regards to exercise performance, skeletal muscle blood flow, muscle pump, HLa, NOx, or MDA. These findings clearly refute the advertisement claims for these products, at least in the context of their use to impact acute exercise performance, blood flow, muscle pump, and NOx within a controlled laboratory environment. Of course, it is possible that 1) Routine use of these products may result in favorable effects in our chosen variables over time (this is especially true for such ingredients of as creatine and beta alanine) and/or 2) The products may influence variables that were not measured within the present design (e.g., those influencing exercise recovery; lower body exercise performance; exercise performance assessed at a higher RAD001 cell line relative intensity). Additional study would be needed to generate such data It is interesting to note that the single ingredient GlycoCarn® (in addition to 16 grams of maltodextrin as used in the present design) results in similar or more-favorable effects in terms of blood flow (StO2 start of exercise; as measured by NIRS), as well as the total volume load measured during the 10 set bench press protocol.