2.4 Sample Collection Blood samples of 4 mL were collected in K2EDTA tubes

prior to the start of the 14C-bendamustine infusion, at 15, 30, 45, 65, and 75 minutes, and at 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours after the start of the infusion. Between collection and centrifugation (1,200 × g, 4 °C, 10 minutes), the tubes were placed on ice (maximally 30 minutes). An additional 1-mL whole-blood sample was collected at the end of the infusion, at 168 hours after the start of the infusion, and optionally once every selleck screening library week thereafter. Urine samples were collected before the start of the 14C-bendamustine infusion, as voided during specified time intervals (0–2, 2–4, 4–6, 6–8, 8–10, 10–12, 12–18, 18–24, 24–30, 30–36, 36–42, 42–48, 48–72, 72–96, 96–120, 120–144, and 144–168 hours) through 168 hours after the start of the infusion, and

over additional 24-hour periods if collection was continued. Each urine sample was measured for TRA, and several aliquots were prepared. For analysis of bendamustine, M3, M4, and HP2, 20-μL urine aliquots were mixed with 1,980 μL of prechilled control human K2EDTA plasma to stabilize the compounds during storage and processing [17]. Fecal samples were collected per portion, prior to the start of the 14C-bendamustine infusion, and then as voided through 168 hours following the start of the infusion, or for longer if TRA represented ≥1% of the radiochemical dose in the 144- to

168-hour collection of feces. The Alvocidib order fecal portions were weighed, stored refrigerated, combined over 24-hour periods, and homogenized after addition of water (1:3 w/v). Plasma aliquots, urine aliquots, and whole-blood samples were stored within the range of −70 °C to −90 °C. 2.5 Analysis of TRA TRA in plasma, whole blood, urine, and fecal samples was determined by liquid scintillation counting (LSC). Plasma (0.2 mL) and urine (1 mL) samples were directly mixed with 10 mL liquid scintillation cocktail (Ultima Gold™; selleck chemical PerkinElmer Inc.; Waltham, MA, USA). Whole-blood samples (0.2 mL) and fecal homogenates (0.2 mL) were dissolved and decolorized first as described elsewhere Cobimetinib ic50 [18], using Solvable™ (PerkinElmer Inc.), 30% hydrogen peroxide, and either aqueous 0.1 M EDTA or isopropanol, respectively. Samples were counted on a Tri-Carb® 2800TR LSC (PerkinElmer Inc.). Quench correction was applied with a calibration curve of quenched radioactive reference standards. Samples were counted to a sigma 2 counting error of 1% or for maximally 60 minutes. 2.6 Analysis of Bendamustine, M3, M4, and HP2 Concentrations of bendamustine, M3, M4, and HP2 in plasma and urine samples obtained through 24 hours were determined with validated LC-MS/MS assays, as described elsewhere [17].